Regional and seasonal variability in canine parasitism across the United States

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Veterinary parasitology Pub Date : 2025-08-13 DOI:10.1016/j.vetpar.2025.110579

Yoko Nagamori , Zephran Warren , Melissa Houma , Nishantha Samarakoon

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Seasonality has been shown to influence the prevalence of parasitic infections in dogs. Given that seasonal and climatic patterns vary across different geographic regions of the United States (US), our hypothesis was that seasonal effects on the prevalence of canine parasitism would differ significantly by region. Three main study objectives were to: (1) determine the overall prevalence of canine parasitism and identify the most commonly detected parasites for further analysis; (2) compare the prevalence of parasitism by region and by month; and (3) analyze the effect of regional and seasonal interactions on the prevalence of parasitism. A total of 48,510 cases from January 1 to December 31, 2023, were analyzed. At least one parasite was identified in 5954 cases (12.27 %). The five most common parasites were Giardia intestinalis (5.27 %), Ancylostoma spp. (3.14 %), Toxocara canis (2.07 %), Cystoisospora spp. (1.95 %), and Trichuris vulpis (0.88 %). Regional differences significantly influenced the prevalence of overall parasitism (P < 0.0001), as well as that of G. intestinalis (P < 0.0001), Ancylostoma spp. (P < 0.0001), T. canis (P < 0.0001), and T. vulpis (P = 0.0035). Monthly differences were also significant for the prevalence of total and individual parasites. A significant effect of the interactions between region and season was observed for the prevalence of overall parasites (P = 0.0397), Ancylostoma spp. (P = 0.0303), and T. canis (P = 0.0046), but not for G. intestinalis (P = 0.1591), Cystoisospora spp. (P = 0.7195), or T. vulpis (P = 0.2644). These findings highlight the complexity of host-parasite-environment interactions and suggest that risk factors affecting the prevalence of canine parasitism vary by different parasite species.

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美国犬寄生虫病的地区和季节变化

季节性已被证明会影响犬类寄生虫感染的流行。鉴于美国不同地理区域的季节和气候模式各不相同，我们的假设是季节对犬寄生虫病流行的影响会因地区而异。研究的三个主要目的是：(1)确定犬寄生虫病的总体患病率，并确定最常见的寄生虫进行进一步分析；(2)比较各地区、各月寄生虫病流行情况；(3)分析区域和季节相互作用对寄生蜂患病率的影响。分析了2023年1月1日至12月31日的48510例病例。5954例（12.27 %）至少检出1种寄生虫。最常见的5种寄生虫分别是肠贾第虫（5.27 %）、钩虫（3.14 %）、犬弓形虫（2.07 %）、囊异孢子虫（1.95 %）和狐毛虫（0.88 %）。地区差异显著影响总体的患病率寄生(P & lt; 0.0001),以及g . intestinalis (P & lt; 0.0001),钩虫属spp。(P & lt; 0.0001)、犬蛔虫(P & lt; 0.0001)和t . vulpis (P = 0.0035)。总寄生虫和个体寄生虫的流行率也有显著的月差异。显著影响的地区和季节之间的交互是观察到的患病率总体寄生虫(P = 0.0397),钩虫属spp。(P = 0.0303),和犬蛔虫(P = 0.0046),但不是g . intestinalis (P = 0.1591),Cystoisospora spp。(P = 0.7195),或t vulpis (P = 0.2644)。这些发现强调了宿主-寄生虫-环境相互作用的复杂性，并表明影响犬寄生虫流行的危险因素因不同的寄生虫种类而异。

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来源期刊

Veterinary parasitology 农林科学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

126

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： The journal Veterinary Parasitology has an open access mirror journal,Veterinary Parasitology: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. This journal is concerned with those aspects of helminthology, protozoology and entomology which are of interest to animal health investigators, veterinary practitioners and others with a special interest in parasitology. Papers of the highest quality dealing with all aspects of disease prevention, pathology, treatment, epidemiology, and control of parasites in all domesticated animals, fall within the scope of the journal. Papers of geographically limited (local) interest which are not of interest to an international audience will not be accepted. Authors who submit papers based on local data will need to indicate why their paper is relevant to a broader readership. Parasitological studies on laboratory animals fall within the scope of the journal only if they provide a reasonably close model of a disease of domestic animals. Additionally the journal will consider papers relating to wildlife species where they may act as disease reservoirs to domestic animals, or as a zoonotic reservoir. Case studies considered to be unique or of specific interest to the journal, will also be considered on occasions at the Editors'' discretion. Papers dealing exclusively with the taxonomy of parasites do not fall within the scope of the journal.