Interface coupling strategy for significantly improving flame-retardant efficiency of polyamide 6/aluminum diethylphosphinate composites

IF 7.7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Communications Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI:10.1016/j.coco.2025.102543

Hongfan Liu, Wen Long, Qisong Li, Jie Li, Jiuxia Su, Yang Leng, Miaojun Xu, Xiaoli Li, Bin Li

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Abstract

Commercial P-containing flame-retardant aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) demonstrates limited effectiveness when applied to flame-retardant polyamide 6 (PA6), as combustion still generates substantial dense smoke and combustible melt drips at additive levels below 13 %. This study developed K₅ADP through modification of ADP with silane coupling agent KH560 (3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) at 5 wt % loading, which significantly enhanced the efficiency of ADP. The obtained PA6/8.37 %ADP/0.63 %K₅ADP composite, with 9 % total addition of ADP/K₅ADP (93:7), achieved UL-94 V-0 classification and a 30.7 % LOI. Compared with pure PA6, the peak values of heat (HRR), total heat release (THR), and carbon dioxide production rate (CO₂P) decreased by 52.42 %, 17.37 %, 57.60 %, separately. The results of TGA, SEM-EDS, XRD, XPS and Raman collectively reveal the enhanced condensed-phase flame retarded mechanism of PA6/8.37 %ADP/0.63 %K₅ADP composite due to cross-linked charring via interface coupling, while also causing a slightly decrease of the total amount of phosphorus-containing compounds in the gas phase than that of the PA6/9 %ADP composite, shown in TG-IR. The interface coupling simultaneously improves mechanical properties and water resistance, while effectively addressing fire and heat/smoke hazards of PA6.

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显著提高聚酰胺6/二乙基膦酸铝复合材料阻燃性能的界面耦合策略

商用含磷阻燃剂二乙基膦酸铝（ADP）应用于阻燃聚酰胺6 （PA6）时效果有限，因为在添加剂含量低于13%时，燃烧仍会产生大量浓烟和可燃熔体滴。本研究通过硅烷偶联剂KH560（3-甘氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷）在5 wt %负载下对ADP进行改性，制备出K5ADP，显著提高了ADP的效率。得到的pa6 / 8.37% ADP/ 0.63% K5ADP复合材料，ADP/K5ADP总添加量为9%(93:7)，达到UL-94 V-0分级，LOI为30.7%。与纯PA6相比，热峰值（HRR）、总放热量（THR）和二氧化碳产率（CO2P）分别降低了52.42%、17.37%和57.60%。TGA、SEM-EDS、XRD、XPS和Raman分析结果共同揭示了pa6 / 8.37% ADP/ 0.63% K5ADP复合材料通过界面偶联交联炭化增强凝聚相阻燃机理，同时TG-IR显示pa6 / 9% ADP复合材料气相含磷化合物总量略低于pa6 / 9% ADP复合材料。界面耦合同时提高了力学性能和耐水性，同时有效地解决了PA6的火灾和热/烟危害。

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来源期刊

Composites Communications Materials Science-Ceramics and Composites

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

10.00%

发文量

340

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： Composites Communications (Compos. Commun.) is a peer-reviewed journal publishing short communications and letters on the latest advances in composites science and technology. With a rapid review and publication process, its goal is to disseminate new knowledge promptly within the composites community. The journal welcomes manuscripts presenting creative concepts and new findings in design, state-of-the-art approaches in processing, synthesis, characterization, and mechanics modeling. In addition to traditional fiber-/particulate-reinforced engineering composites, it encourages submissions on composites with exceptional physical, mechanical, and fracture properties, as well as those with unique functions and significant application potential. This includes biomimetic and bio-inspired composites for biomedical applications, functional nano-composites for thermal management and energy applications, and composites designed for extreme service environments.