On the 10th anniversary of borophene: Birth, growth and status quo

Abstract

Borophene, the Two-Dimensional (2D) allotrope of boron has gained unprecedented attention and set off a sensation even before its synthesis. Undoubtably, this is largely due to the astonishing properties exhibited by graphene, the 2D allotrope of carbon. Being placed neighboring to carbon in the periodic table and the impressive bonding proficiency of boron, simulated an upsurge of research interest in boron nano structures; and boron was considered as the best candidate to form low dimensional planar structures analogous to graphene. At its tenth birth year, with intense research being carried out, it’s very interesting to look back at the history of borophene and evaluate its growth. While reviewing the evolution of borophene, it is indeed worthwhile to note the inevitable role played by theoretical calculations in predicting the structure, stability and even practical routes to borophene. Unlike other reviews, this review approaches the experimental realization of borophene chronologically showcasing how the theoretical calculations, together with experimental research, derived the 2D form from bulk boron clusters with elegance and sense. Should borophene possess a ‘narrative of its inception’, or a ‘birth story’, it would resemble the initial section of this review. This approach will be relevant and engaging for both general audience and those specializing in material science. The review also offers a contextual comprehension and acknowledges the challenges that have been successfully navigated. Further, the review provides an overview of advancements in the applications of borophene, primarily confined to experimental findings aimed at assessing the actual outcomes achieved with in the ten year time frame. Finally, in addition to the commercialization aspects of borophene, drawing from the current state of research, some rational recommendations and outlook are presented.