Adaptive acknowledgment control in ultra-dense LoRaWAN using lightweight machine learning

IF 2.2 4区计算机科学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Physical Communication Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI:10.1016/j.phycom.2025.102799

Leila Aissaoui Ferhi

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ultra-dense Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) face critical challenges in maintaining reliable and scalable communication due to increased contention, stringent duty-cycle regulations and energy constraints. These limitations are particularly pronounced in LoRaWAN deployments where thousands of end-devices compete for severely constrained downlink capacity. This paper addresses the pressing issue of sustaining efficient bidirectional communication in such environments by introducing a novel, context-aware acknowledgment control mechanism. Our approach replaces the conventional static confirmed mode with a lightweight, online logistic regression model embedded at the gateway enabling real-time, probabilistic ACK decisions informed by dynamic network conditions. Extensive MATLAB-based simulations involving up to 3000 devices show that the proposed strategy increases uplink delivery rates by over 50 % at scale (compared to 32 % with the standard approach), maintains downlink responsiveness above 15 % and reduces energy consumption by up to 15 % in sparse and 8–10 % in ultra-dense deployments. These results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating lightweight machine learning at the MAC layer as a protocol-compliant solution to improve the scalability, efficiency and resilience of next-generation LoRaWAN systems.

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基于轻量级机器学习的超密集LoRaWAN自适应确认控制

由于竞争增加、严格的占空比法规和能源限制，超密度低功耗广域网（lpwan）在保持可靠和可扩展通信方面面临着严峻的挑战。这些限制在LoRaWAN部署中尤其明显，因为成千上万的终端设备竞争严重受限的下行链路容量。本文通过引入一种新颖的上下文感知的确认控制机制，解决了在这种环境中保持高效双向通信的紧迫问题。我们的方法用嵌入在网关的轻量级在线逻辑回归模型取代了传统的静态确认模式，实现了动态网络条件下的实时概率ACK决策。涉及多达3000台设备的基于matlab的广泛模拟表明，所提出的策略在规模上将上行传输速率提高了50%以上（与标准方法相比为32%），将下行响应率保持在15%以上，在稀疏部署中将能耗降低了15%，在超密集部署中将能耗降低了8 - 10%。这些结果证明了在MAC层集成轻量级机器学习作为协议兼容解决方案的可行性和有效性，以提高下一代LoRaWAN系统的可扩展性、效率和弹性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Physical Communication ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICTELECO-TELECOMMUNICATIONS

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

9.10%

发文量

212

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： PHYCOM: Physical Communication is an international and archival journal providing complete coverage of all topics of interest to those involved in all aspects of physical layer communications. Theoretical research contributions presenting new techniques, concepts or analyses, applied contributions reporting on experiences and experiments, and tutorials are published. Topics of interest include but are not limited to: Physical layer issues of Wireless Local Area Networks, WiMAX, Wireless Mesh Networks, Sensor and Ad Hoc Networks, PCS Systems; Radio access protocols and algorithms for the physical layer; Spread Spectrum Communications; Channel Modeling; Detection and Estimation; Modulation and Coding; Multiplexing and Carrier Techniques; Broadband Wireless Communications; Wireless Personal Communications; Multi-user Detection; Signal Separation and Interference rejection: Multimedia Communications over Wireless; DSP Applications to Wireless Systems; Experimental and Prototype Results; Multiple Access Techniques; Space-time Processing; Synchronization Techniques; Error Control Techniques; Cryptography; Software Radios; Tracking; Resource Allocation and Inference Management; Multi-rate and Multi-carrier Communications; Cross layer Design and Optimization; Propagation and Channel Characterization; OFDM Systems; MIMO Systems; Ultra-Wideband Communications; Cognitive Radio System Architectures; Platforms and Hardware Implementations for the Support of Cognitive, Radio Systems; Cognitive Radio Resource Management and Dynamic Spectrum Sharing.