Proof-of-concept study of magnesium and ciprofloxacin-loaded zeolite incorporated into dental composites

IF 4.7 3区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI:10.1016/j.micromeso.2025.113817

Zuzanna Buchwald , Aleksandra Domke , Marcel Jakubowski , Katarzyna Staszak , Wojciech Smułek , Mutlu Özcan , Adam Voelkel , Mariusz Sandomierski

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Abstract

A magnesium-based zeolite filler (Mg-X) was prepared and loaded with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (Mg-X-CF) to enhance resin-based composites (RBCs). The fillers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, FTIR microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, confirming the effectiveness of both preparation steps. These zeolites were then incorporated as fillers (65 % vol., 48–49 % wt.) into light-cured RBCs. Two composite formulations were examined—one without CF (Mg-X-c) and one containing CF (Mg-X-CF-c). Key properties were assessed, including degree of conversion (DC), depth of cure (DOC), polymerization shrinkage (PS), compressive (CS) and flexural strength (FS), water sorption (SP), solubility (SL), magnesium ion release, surface roughness, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Mg-X-c and Mg-X-CF-c showed high DC at the surface: 67.36 ± 3.48 % and 68.37 ± 4.72 %, slightly decreasing at 2 mm depth to 65.40 ± 2.60 % and 68.51 ± 2.71 %, and significantly dropped to 5.98 ± 2.71 % and 14.78 ± 3.94 % at the bottom. DOC reached 2.14 ± 0.04 mm and 1.93 ± 0.07 mm; PS was 4.40 ± 0.20 % and 4.27 ± 0.28 %; CS was 226.30 ± 9.55 MPa and 208.21 ± 12.41 MPa; FS was 59.18 ± 5.79 MPa and 58.26 ± 5.97 MPa; SP was 52.7 ± 3.3 and 58.1 ± 4.8 μg mm⁻³; SL was −4.0 ± 1.3 and 4.2 ± 0.9 μg mm⁻³, respectively. Both composites released Mg²⁺ for over 28 days. Their surface roughness (RMS) was beneficially below 0.2 μm. Antibacterial activity was observed against S. aureus (Mg-X-CF-c) and E. coli (both composites). Ciprofloxacin retained its antibacterial properties within the composite and conferred them to the material, while only slightly affecting its physicochemical properties.

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镁和环丙沙星负载沸石纳入牙科复合材料的概念验证研究

制备了一种镁基沸石填料（Mg-X），并在其上负载抗生素环丙沙星（Mg-X- cf）以增强树脂基复合材料（rbc）。利用扫描电镜、x射线衍射、氮吸附等温线、红外光谱和热重分析对填料进行了表征，证实了这两个制备步骤的有效性。然后将这些沸石作为填料（65%体积，48 - 49%重量）掺入光固化的红细胞中。研究了两种复合配方，一种不含CF (Mg-X-c)，一种含CF （Mg-X-CF-c）。主要性能包括转化率（DC）、固化深度（DOC）、聚合收缩率（PS）、抗压强度（CS）和抗弯强度（FS）、吸水性（SP）、溶解度（SL）、镁离子释放量、表面粗糙度以及对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。Mg-X-c和Mg-X-CF-c在表面表现出较高的DC，分别为67.36±3.48%和68.37±4.72%，在2 mm深度处略有下降，分别为65.40±2.60%和68.51±2.71%，在底部显著下降，分别为5.98±2.71%和14.78±3.94%。DOC分别为2.14±0.04 mm和1.93±0.07 mm；PS分别为4.40±0.20%和4.27±0.28%；CS分别为226.30±9.55 MPa和208.21±12.41 MPa；FS分别为59.18±5.79 MPa和58.26±5.97 MPa；SP分别为52.7±3.3和58.1±4.8 μg mm−3；SL−4.0±1.3,4.2±0.9μg mm−3,分别。两种复合材料释放Mg2+的时间均超过28天。表面粗糙度（RMS）均小于0.2 μm。对金黄色葡萄球菌（Mg-X-CF-c）和大肠杆菌（两种复合材料）均有抑菌活性。环丙沙星在复合材料中保留了其抗菌性能，并将其赋予材料，同时仅轻微影响其物理化学性能。

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来源期刊

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 化学-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

5.80%

发文量

649

审稿时长

26 days

期刊介绍： Microporous and Mesoporous Materials covers novel and significant aspects of porous solids classified as either microporous (pore size up to 2 nm) or mesoporous (pore size 2 to 50 nm). The porosity should have a specific impact on the material properties or application. Typical examples are zeolites and zeolite-like materials, pillared materials, clathrasils and clathrates, carbon molecular sieves, ordered mesoporous materials, organic/inorganic porous hybrid materials, or porous metal oxides. Both natural and synthetic porous materials are within the scope of the journal. Topics which are particularly of interest include: All aspects of natural microporous and mesoporous solids The synthesis of crystalline or amorphous porous materials The physico-chemical characterization of microporous and mesoporous solids, especially spectroscopic and microscopic The modification of microporous and mesoporous solids, for example by ion exchange or solid-state reactions All topics related to diffusion of mobile species in the pores of microporous and mesoporous materials Adsorption (and other separation techniques) using microporous or mesoporous adsorbents Catalysis by microporous and mesoporous materials Host/guest interactions Theoretical chemistry and modelling of host/guest interactions All topics related to the application of microporous and mesoporous materials in industrial catalysis, separation technology, environmental protection, electrochemistry, membranes, sensors, optical devices, etc.