Long-term impacts of energy retrofits on indoor air quality and climate – Follow-up results of a sample of Finnish apartment buildings

Virpi Leivo , Minna Kempe , Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy
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Abstract

Energy retrofits can have an impact on indoor air quality and climate, particularly on temperature, humidity, and concentrations of air pollutants. Both positive and negative impacts have been identified, usually based on measurements taken quite soon (up to about one year) after the retrofits. We studied the long-term (about seven years) impacts of energy retrofits on indoor thermal conditions, ventilation rates, and CO2 and radon concentrations during heating season in 13 Finnish apartment buildings (42 apartments) along with the occupants’ self-reported satisfaction with IAQ. High indoor temperatures and low RH were recorded in all the measurements. There were no significant changes in the night-time average CO2 concentration (less than 700 ppm) and momentary air exchange rates (0.3–0.35 (dm3/s)/ m2) between the measurements. There was a decreasing trend in radon concentration. Seven years after the retrofit, the average radon concentration was 23 % lower than before the retrofit. Concentrations above 100 Bq/m3 were also less frequent after the retrofitting. According to the occupant questionnaire, the respondents were significantly more satisfied with IAQ about one year after the retrofits. About 7 years after the retrofit, they still appeared to be more satisfied with IAQ than before the retrofits.
能源改造对室内空气质量和气候的长期影响——芬兰公寓楼样本的后续结果
能源改造会对室内空气质量和气候产生影响,特别是对温度、湿度和空气污染物的浓度。已经确定了积极和消极的影响,通常是根据改造后很快(最多一年左右)进行的测量。我们研究了能源改造对13栋芬兰公寓楼(42套公寓)采暖季室内热条件、通风率、二氧化碳和氡浓度的长期(约7年)影响,以及居住者对室内空气质量的自我报告满意度。所有的测量都记录了高室内温度和低相对湿度。夜间平均CO2浓度(低于700 ppm)和瞬时空气交换速率(0.3-0.35 (dm3/s)/ m2)在测量之间没有显著变化。氡浓度呈下降趋势。改造7年后,平均氡浓度比改造前降低了23% %。在改造后,浓度高于100 Bq/m3的情况也较少。根据住户问卷调查,被访者对室内空气质素的满意程度在楼宇改造约一年后显著提高。改造后大约7年,他们对室内空气质量仍然比改造前更满意。
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