Molecular Characterization of Molluscum Contagiosum Virus: Identification of a Putative New Clade Through MC021L Gene Analysis in Diyala Province, Iraq.

Abstract

This research concentrated on the molecular diagnosis of Molluscum contagiosum (MC) in clinically suspected individuals from Diyala Province, Iraq, through the identification of the MC021L gene in skin tissue samples between October 2020 and April 2021. A total of 101 skin lesion samples were collected from patients suspected of MC infection, ranging in age from 5 months to 60 years and including both males and females. Samples were gathered from Baquba Teaching Hospital, the dermatology clinic, and multiple basic healthcare centers, where a tailored questionnaire was developed to capture sociodemographic and clinical details. All samples were analyzed using conventional PCR to detect the MC021L gene with specific primers, followed by gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 27, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. PCR results showed that 19 samples (18.8%) tested positive, with distinct bands at 979 bp. Sequencing of the MC021L locus uncovered 52 nucleic acid variations that are present in almost all samples (including missense mutations in the MC021L-encoded glycoprotein). These variations were uniformly distributed across the MC021L gene in the viral samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all viral strains belonged to a putative new clade that was located between Subtypes-I and -II. Four isolates were submitted to the NCBI database and assigned the accession numbers LC629162, LC629163, LC629164, and LC629165. The unique genetic sequences of these isolates of the MC021L gene confirmed that they do not match any previously identified subtypes, paving the way for further scientific exploration.