{"title":"Association Between Serum Vitamin D and Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Independent of Inflammatory Markers and Renal Function","authors":"Parisa Farshchi, Sahar Karimpour Reyhan, Mahsa Abbaszadeh, Soghra Rabizadeh, Alireza Esteghamati, Nasim Khajavi Rad, Soheil Karimpour Reyhan, Elahe Saffari, Manouchehr Nakhjavani","doi":"10.1002/edm2.70093","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Introduction</h3>\n \n <p>To explore the relationship between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D) with albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>This was a cross-sectional study of 86 T2D patients divided into categories of with and without albuminuria based on the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). A 25(OH) vitamin D concentration ≤ 15 ng/mL was defined as vitamin D deficiency, within 15–30 ng/mL as vitamin D insufficiency, and > 30 ng/mL as serum 25(OH) vitamin D sufficiency. A hs-CRP level ≤ 2.5 mg/L was considered low, whereas a hs-CRP level > 2.5 mg/L was considered high. TNF-α was classified as low or high with an 8.2 pg/mL cutoff level based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. P values < 0.05 were considered to be significantly associated with albuminuria.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more commonly observed among T2D patients with albuminuria than those without albuminuria (adjusted OR = 7.34, 95% CI = 2.3–23.6, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Higher serum TNF-α levels (TNF-α > 8.2 pg/mL) were more frequently associated with the presence of albuminuria in T2D patients (adjusted OR = 6.77, 95% CI = 1.61–28.4; <i>p =</i> 0.009). Similarly, elevated serum hs-CRP levels (hs-CRP > 2.5 mg/L) were more commonly found among patients with T2D and albuminuria than in those without (adjusted OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.4–15.8; <i>p =</i> 0.012).</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Vitamin D deficiency is a significant correlate of albuminuria in T2D patients, independent of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and basic inflammatory markers including hs-CRP and TNF-α. Moreover, serum hs-CRP > 2.5 mg/L and TNF-α > 8.2 pg/mL were each individually associated with a significantly increased likelihood of albuminuria in T2D patients.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":36522,"journal":{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/edm2.70093","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/edm2.70093","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction
To explore the relationship between serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) vitamin D) with albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of 86 T2D patients divided into categories of with and without albuminuria based on the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). A 25(OH) vitamin D concentration ≤ 15 ng/mL was defined as vitamin D deficiency, within 15–30 ng/mL as vitamin D insufficiency, and > 30 ng/mL as serum 25(OH) vitamin D sufficiency. A hs-CRP level ≤ 2.5 mg/L was considered low, whereas a hs-CRP level > 2.5 mg/L was considered high. TNF-α was classified as low or high with an 8.2 pg/mL cutoff level based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. P values < 0.05 were considered to be significantly associated with albuminuria.
Results
Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more commonly observed among T2D patients with albuminuria than those without albuminuria (adjusted OR = 7.34, 95% CI = 2.3–23.6, p = 0.001). Higher serum TNF-α levels (TNF-α > 8.2 pg/mL) were more frequently associated with the presence of albuminuria in T2D patients (adjusted OR = 6.77, 95% CI = 1.61–28.4; p = 0.009). Similarly, elevated serum hs-CRP levels (hs-CRP > 2.5 mg/L) were more commonly found among patients with T2D and albuminuria than in those without (adjusted OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.4–15.8; p = 0.012).
Conclusions
Vitamin D deficiency is a significant correlate of albuminuria in T2D patients, independent of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and basic inflammatory markers including hs-CRP and TNF-α. Moreover, serum hs-CRP > 2.5 mg/L and TNF-α > 8.2 pg/mL were each individually associated with a significantly increased likelihood of albuminuria in T2D patients.