A Wideband and Low-SAR Antenna Design at 2.45 GHz for Biomedical Applications

IF 3.6 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC
Sami Ullah Khan;Muhammad Aamir;Muhammad Abbas;Uzman Ali;Usman Ali;Sadiq Ullah;Abdul Basir;Toni Björninen
{"title":"A Wideband and Low-SAR Antenna Design at 2.45 GHz for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Sami Ullah Khan;Muhammad Aamir;Muhammad Abbas;Uzman Ali;Usman Ali;Sadiq Ullah;Abdul Basir;Toni Björninen","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3565837","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a miniaturized implantable antenna is designed for biomedical applications operating within the industrial, scientific, and medical band (ISM, 2.4–2.48 GHz). The proposed implantable antenna has a compact size of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.5\\times 5.5\\times 0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.64 mm3 and is manufactured using a biocompatible substrate, Roger RO3010 with permittivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$ \\varepsilon _{r} = 10.2 \\quad \\text {and} \\quad \\text {loss tangent of}~ \\, \\tan (\\delta)=0.0022 $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. To enhance safety, a superstrate and a silicon coating around the antenna are employed to isolate the antenna from the surrounding biological tissues. The simulation software from the HFSS and CST studio suite was utilized to simulate and optimize the proposed implantable antenna, followed by fabrication and testing. The simulation of the proposed antenna was evaluated in terms of its reflection coefficient and gain within a three-layered body phantom, while the testing of the proposed design was carried out using minced pork. The proposed implantable antenna exhibits an 811 MHz bandwidth and a −21 dBi measured gain at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, for safety evaluation, the specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis was conducted and was found to be within standard limits. The simulated and measured results show a strong correlation, demonstrating that the antenna delivers state-of-the-art performance for implantable biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 4","pages":"1166-1174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10980331","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10980331/","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this paper, a miniaturized implantable antenna is designed for biomedical applications operating within the industrial, scientific, and medical band (ISM, 2.4–2.48 GHz). The proposed implantable antenna has a compact size of $5.5\times 5.5\times 0$ .64 mm3 and is manufactured using a biocompatible substrate, Roger RO3010 with permittivity of $ \varepsilon _{r} = 10.2 \quad \text {and} \quad \text {loss tangent of}~ \, \tan (\delta)=0.0022 $ . To enhance safety, a superstrate and a silicon coating around the antenna are employed to isolate the antenna from the surrounding biological tissues. The simulation software from the HFSS and CST studio suite was utilized to simulate and optimize the proposed implantable antenna, followed by fabrication and testing. The simulation of the proposed antenna was evaluated in terms of its reflection coefficient and gain within a three-layered body phantom, while the testing of the proposed design was carried out using minced pork. The proposed implantable antenna exhibits an 811 MHz bandwidth and a −21 dBi measured gain at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, for safety evaluation, the specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis was conducted and was found to be within standard limits. The simulated and measured results show a strong correlation, demonstrating that the antenna delivers state-of-the-art performance for implantable biomedical applications.
生物医学用2.45 GHz宽带低sar天线设计
本文设计了一种小型植入式天线,用于在工业、科学和医疗频段(ISM, 2.4-2.48 GHz)内运行的生物医学应用。所提出的可植入天线的紧凑尺寸为$5.5\times 5.5\times 0$ .64 mm3,使用生物相容性衬底Roger RO3010制造,其介电常数为$ \varepsilon _{r} = 10.2 \quad \text {and} \quad \text {loss tangent of}~ \, \tan (\delta)=0.0022 $。为了提高安全性,天线周围采用了上覆层和硅涂层,将天线与周围的生物组织隔离开来。利用HFSS和CST studio套件的仿真软件对所提出的植入式天线进行仿真和优化,然后进行制作和测试。根据天线在三层体模体中的反射系数和增益对天线进行了仿真评估,并使用碎猪肉对天线设计进行了测试。该可植入天线在2.45 GHz时的带宽为811 MHz,测量增益为- 21 dBi。此外,在安全性评价方面,进行了比吸收率(SAR)分析,发现其在标准范围内。模拟和测量结果显示出很强的相关性,表明该天线为植入式生物医学应用提供了最先进的性能。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
12.50%
发文量
90
审稿时长
8 weeks
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信