Wideband hybrid AEH system: Exploring transparent and opaque materials for sustainable power solutions in small gadgets

IF 3.2 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI:10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155973

Satendra Pathak , Jagmohan Singh , Amalendu Patnaik , A.K. Gautam , Tushar Goel

{"title":"Wideband hybrid AEH system: Exploring transparent and opaque materials for sustainable power solutions in small gadgets","authors":"Satendra Pathak , Jagmohan Singh , Amalendu Patnaik , A.K. Gautam , Tushar Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.aeue.2025.155973","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article aims to design and develop a Solar-RF hybrid Ambient Energy Harvesting (AEH) system for exceptionally durable power-backup/battery-free solutions for small electronic devices. A novel broadband omnidirectional Radio Frequency (RF) AEH system that is integrated with a compact solar energy harvester. The overall system is feasible to convert the ambient solar and microwave radiation into DC electric energy that can be further utilized for providing 24 × 7 continuous charging to small electronic gadgets. The proposed AEH system consists of a wide-band patch antenna (covering GSM1800, LTE, WLAN/Wi-Fi and 5G frequency bands), a Voltage Doubler Rectifier circuit (VDRC), and a matching network between the antenna and rectifier circuit. The performance of the proposed system was analyzed using various transparent/opaque, flexible/non-flexible substrate materials such as FR-4, Rogers RT Duroid 5880, Kapton, PET and Soda-Lime Glass (SLG). The physical validation of the achieved simulated results was done with prototypes fabricated with Rogers RT Duroid 5880 and an ITO-coated SLG substrate. It is reported that the Rogers-based RF-AEH system delivers the highest output voltage of 1.2 V and corresponding output DC power of 6.89 mW at 10 dBm input RF power with 72% of RF-to-DC Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE)%. The realized gain of this omnidirectional system is in the range of 1.96–4.72 dB for the 2–5 GHz wide frequency band. It was also experimentally verified that the ITO-SLG substrate has more than 90% transparency; therefore, it can be easily integrated onto thin-film solar panels without compromising solar efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50844,"journal":{"name":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 155973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1434841125003140","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

This article aims to design and develop a Solar-RF hybrid Ambient Energy Harvesting (AEH) system for exceptionally durable power-backup/battery-free solutions for small electronic devices. A novel broadband omnidirectional Radio Frequency (RF) AEH system that is integrated with a compact solar energy harvester. The overall system is feasible to convert the ambient solar and microwave radiation into DC electric energy that can be further utilized for providing 24 × 7 continuous charging to small electronic gadgets. The proposed AEH system consists of a wide-band patch antenna (covering GSM1800, LTE, WLAN/Wi-Fi and 5G frequency bands), a Voltage Doubler Rectifier circuit (VDRC), and a matching network between the antenna and rectifier circuit. The performance of the proposed system was analyzed using various transparent/opaque, flexible/non-flexible substrate materials such as FR-4, Rogers RT Duroid 5880, Kapton, PET and Soda-Lime Glass (SLG). The physical validation of the achieved simulated results was done with prototypes fabricated with Rogers RT Duroid 5880 and an ITO-coated SLG substrate. It is reported that the Rogers-based RF-AEH system delivers the highest output voltage of 1.2 V and corresponding output DC power of 6.89 mW at 10 dBm input RF power with 72% of RF-to-DC Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE)%. The realized gain of this omnidirectional system is in the range of 1.96–4.72 dB for the 2–5 GHz wide frequency band. It was also experimentally verified that the ITO-SLG substrate has more than 90% transparency; therefore, it can be easily integrated onto thin-film solar panels without compromising solar efficiency.

查看原文本刊更多论文

宽带混合AEH系统：探索透明和不透明材料用于小型设备的可持续电源解决方案

本文旨在设计和开发一种太阳能-射频混合环境能量收集（AEH）系统，为小型电子设备提供特别耐用的备用电源/无电池解决方案。一种新型宽带全向射频（RF） AEH系统，该系统集成了紧凑型太阳能采集器。整个系统可以将周围的太阳能和微波辐射转化为直流电能，为小型电子产品提供24 × 7连续充电。本文提出的AEH系统由宽带贴片天线（覆盖GSM1800、LTE、WLAN/Wi-Fi和5G频段）、倍压整流电路（VDRC）以及天线与整流电路的匹配网络组成。采用各种透明/不透明、柔性/非柔性基板材料（如FR-4、Rogers RT Duroid 5880、Kapton、PET和钠石灰玻璃（SLG））分析了所提出系统的性能。模拟结果的物理验证是用Rogers RT Duroid 5880和ito涂层SLG基板制作的原型完成的。据报道，基于rogers的RF- aeh系统在10 dBm的RF输入功率下可提供1.2 V的最高输出电压和6.89 mW的相应直流输出功率，其RF- DC功率转换效率（PCE）%为72%。该全向系统在2-5 GHz宽频段内实现的增益范围为1.96 ~ 4.72 dB。实验还验证了ITO-SLG衬底具有90%以上的透明度；因此，它可以很容易地集成到薄膜太阳能电池板上，而不会影响太阳能效率。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Aeu-International Journal of Electronics and Communications 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

18.80%

发文量

292

审稿时长

4.9 months

期刊介绍： AEÜ is an international scientific journal which publishes both original works and invited tutorials. The journal''s scope covers all aspects of theory and design of circuits, systems and devices for electronics, signal processing, and communication, including: signal and system theory, digital signal processing network theory and circuit design information theory, communication theory and techniques, modulation, source and channel coding switching theory and techniques, communication protocols optical communications microwave theory and techniques, radar, sonar antennas, wave propagation AEÜ publishes full papers and letters with very short turn around time but a high standard review process. Review cycles are typically finished within twelve weeks by application of modern electronic communication facilities.