Cantilever-amplified spindle bubble microcavity for high-sensitivity and robust fiber-optic strain sensing

IF 3.4 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

Infrared Physics & Technology Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI:10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106071

Jianxin Wang , Weiqiang Wang , Jingwei Lv , Famei Wang , Wei Liu , Zao Yi , Qiang Liu , Paul K. Chu , Chao Liu

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Abstract

Fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometric (FPI) sensors based on bubble microcavities are fundamentally limited by the sensitivity-robustness trade-off. To overcome this, we propose a spindle-shaped bubble geometry with a cladding-protruding long axis, fabricated via an improved fiber micro-shaping technique using only a commercial fusion splicer. Through parametric optimization guided by experiments and finite element simulations, we demonstrate that the protruding axis acts as a cantilever amplifier, converting axial strain (short-axis direction) into amplified displacement at the long-axis free end, thereby enhancing cavity-length modulation efficiency by 86 %. The optimized structure achieves 49.65 pm/µε strain sensitivity at 1,550 nm while withstanding bending radii ≤ 2.5 cm—surpassing Fully-embedded bubble FPIs by 32.1 % in tensile resistance and 36.2 % in bending tolerance. This innovation bridges the gap between high sensitivity and mechanical robustness, making it ideal for flexible wearables or complex wiring scenarios.

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用于高灵敏度和鲁棒性光纤应变传感的悬臂放大主轴泡微腔

基于气泡微腔的光纤法布里-帕氏干涉仪（FPI）传感器从根本上受到灵敏度-鲁棒性权衡的限制。为了克服这一点，我们提出了一种具有包层突出的长轴的纺锤形气泡几何形状，通过改进的纤维微成型技术制造，仅使用商用融合接头。通过实验和有限元模拟指导下的参数优化，我们证明了突出轴作为悬臂放大器，将轴向应变（短轴方向）转换为长轴自由端放大的位移，从而提高了86%的腔长调制效率。优化后的结构在1,550 nm处达到49.65 pm/µε应变灵敏度，同时承受弯曲半径≤2.5 cm -比全嵌入气泡fpi的拉伸阻力提高32.1%，弯曲公差提高36.2%。这种创新弥合了高灵敏度和机械稳健性之间的差距，使其成为灵活可穿戴设备或复杂布线场景的理想选择。

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来源期刊

Infrared Physics & Technology 物理-光学

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

12.10%

发文量

400

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： The Journal covers the entire field of infrared physics and technology: theory, experiment, application, devices and instrumentation. Infrared'' is defined as covering the near, mid and far infrared (terahertz) regions from 0.75um (750nm) to 1mm (300GHz.) Submissions in the 300GHz to 100GHz region may be accepted at the editors discretion if their content is relevant to shorter wavelengths. Submissions must be primarily concerned with and directly relevant to this spectral region. Its core topics can be summarized as the generation, propagation and detection, of infrared radiation; the associated optics, materials and devices; and its use in all fields of science, industry, engineering and medicine. Infrared techniques occur in many different fields, notably spectroscopy and interferometry; material characterization and processing; atmospheric physics, astronomy and space research. Scientific aspects include lasers, quantum optics, quantum electronics, image processing and semiconductor physics. Some important applications are medical diagnostics and treatment, industrial inspection and environmental monitoring.