Effects of isolated single fibers, fiber mixtures, and fiber-rich whole foods on glucose homeostasis in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IF 7.4 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Clinical nutrition Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.08.003

Hatice Colak , Gillian N.F. Larik , Marleen A. van Baak , Emanuel E. Canfora

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background & aims

Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies indicates that dietary fibers are protective against the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Supplementation of dietary fiber may therefore be a strategy to improve metabolic health in individuals with overweight and obesity at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, results from intervention studies are inconsistent, which may be related to the form of supplementation. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of dietary fiber administered as single isolated fibers, mixtures of isolated fibers, or fiber-rich whole foods on markers of insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in individuals with overweight or obesity without T2DM.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase databases were searched for RCTs comparing the effects of fiber supplementation with placebo treatments on glucose homeostasis. Changes in outcome parameters were analyzed using random effects meta-analyses to estimate effect size and 95 % confidence intervals (CI).

Results

A total of 51 eligible papers (n = 3420 participants) with a study duration between one and twelve months were included in the meta-analysis. Dietary fiber supplementation improved fasting glucose concentrations −0.07 mmol/L (95 % CI: −0.12, −0.02; P = 0.0005; I² = 54 %), reduced fasting insulin levels −5.89 pmol/L (95 % CI -9.18, −2.60, P = 0.0004; I² = 89 %), and decreased HOMA-IR -0.38 (95 % CI: −0.68, −0.08; P < 0.00001; I² = 94 %). In addition, subgroup analysis revealed that supplementation of single fibers improved fasting insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and insulin area under the curve (AUC). Isolated fiber mixtures in addition reduced fasting glucose but not insulin AUC. Supplementation of whole foods only improved HbA1c.

Conclusion

Dietary fiber supplementation improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in individuals with overweight and obesity without T2DM. Although differential effects were observed based on the form of fiber supplementation, no form of fiber supplementation could be considered superior.

The study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42023427415.

查看原文本刊更多论文

分离的单一纤维、纤维混合物和富含纤维的全食物对超重和肥胖个体葡萄糖稳态的影响：一项系统综述和荟萃分析

背景,目的流行病学研究越来越多的证据表明，膳食纤维对2型糖尿病的发展有保护作用。因此，补充膳食纤维可能是改善2型糖尿病（T2DM）高危超重和肥胖人群代谢健康的一种策略。然而，干预研究的结果不一致，这可能与补充的形式有关。在本系统综述和荟萃分析中，我们评估了随机对照试验（rct），这些试验调查了膳食纤维作为单一分离纤维、分离纤维混合物或富含纤维的天然食物对超重或肥胖无2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗和葡萄糖稳态标志物的影响。方法检索spubmed、Scopus、Web of Science和Embase数据库，比较纤维补充与安慰剂治疗对葡萄糖稳态的影响。使用随机效应荟萃分析分析结果参数的变化，以估计效应大小和95%置信区间（CI）。结果共纳入51篇符合条件的论文（n = 3420名受试者），研究持续时间在1至12个月之间。膳食纤维补充改善空腹葡萄糖浓度- 0.07 mmol/L (95% CI: - 0.12, - 0.02；P = 0.0005；I2 = 54%)，空腹胰岛素水平降低- 5.89 pmol/L (95% CI -9.18, - 2.60, P = 0.0004；I2 = 89%)， HOMA-IR降低-0.38 (95% CI: - 0.68, - 0.08；P & lt;0.00001;I2 = 94%)。此外，亚组分析显示，补充单一纤维可改善空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）、血红蛋白A1c （HbA1c）和胰岛素曲线下面积（AUC）。此外，分离纤维混合物还能降低空腹血糖，但不能降低胰岛素AUC。补充天然食物只能改善HbA1c。结论补充膳食纤维可改善超重和肥胖无2型糖尿病患者的葡萄糖稳态和胰岛素敏感性。虽然根据纤维补充的形式观察到不同的效果，但没有一种形式的纤维补充可以被认为是优越的。该研究在PROSPERO注册为CRD42023427415。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

14.10

自引率

6.30%

发文量

356

审稿时长

28 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Nutrition, the official journal of ESPEN, The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, is an international journal providing essential scientific information on nutritional and metabolic care and the relationship between nutrition and disease both in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Published bi-monthly, each issue combines original articles and reviews providing an invaluable reference for any specialist concerned with these fields.