The cerebrovascular and executive function responses to increased inspiratory muscle work

IF 1.6 4区医学 Q3 PHYSIOLOGY

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2025.104473

Edward Bliss , Dean E. Mills

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Abstract

We investigated the cerebrovascular and executive function responses to increased inspiratory muscle work. Eight healthy men (33 ± 6 years) performed two separate 10 min bouts of inspiratory pressure threshold loading (ITL) targeting 70 % of maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (P_Imax) (ITL-Load) and two separate 10 min bouts of ITL targeting 2 % of P_Imax (ITL-Control). The order in which each participant undertook ITL-Load and ITL-Control conditions was randomized. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCA_V) and executive function was measured using the trail making task (TMT) Parts A and B during the 4–6th min of ITL-Load and ITL-Control. The cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi) and cerebrovascular resistance index (CVRi) were calculated. There were time x condition interactions (P < 0.01) for MCA_V, CVCi and CVRi. This demonstrated during ITL-Load a small time-dependent increase (P < 0.01) in MCA_V and CVCi, and a small time-dependent decrease (P < 0.01) in CVRi. Part A (P = 0.007) and Part B (P = 0.013) times for the TMT were slower for ITL-Load compared to ITL-Control. There were significant correlations between the change in MCA_V from rest to the end of ITL and TMT times for Part A (r = 0.81, P = 0.009) and Part B (r = 0.67, P = 0.048). This is the first study to demonstrate that high-intensity ITL results in an increase in MCA_V, and a decreased executive function measured by the TMT, and these two measures were related in that the increase in MCA_V resulted in slower TMT times.

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脑血管和执行功能对吸气肌工作的增加作出反应

我们研究了吸气肌功增加时脑血管和执行功能的反应。8名健康男性（33岁 ± ，6岁）分别进行了两次10 min的吸气压力阈值负荷（ITL- load）和两次10 min的吸气压力阈值负荷（ITL- load），目标是最大吸气口压（PImax）的70% % （ITL- control）。每个参与者进行ITL-Load和ITL-Control条件的顺序是随机的。在itl负荷和itl控制的4 ~ 6 min，采用经颅多普勒超声检测大鼠大脑中动脉血流速度（MCAV），并采用轨迹制作任务（TMT） A、B部分检测执行功能。计算脑血管传导指数（CVCi）和脑血管阻力指数（CVRi）。MCAV、CVCi和CVRi存在时间x条件相互作用（P <； 0.01）。这表明在ITL-Load期间，MCAV和CVCi的时间依赖性增加（P <； 0.01），CVRi的时间依赖性减少（P <； 0.01）。实验A部分（P = 0.007）和实验B部分（P = 0.013）对ITL-Load的TMT时间较ITL-Control慢。A组（r = 0.81,P = 0.009）和B组（r = 0.67,P = 0.048）休息至ITL结束时的MCAV变化与TMT次数有显著相关性。这是第一个证明高强度ITL导致MCAV增加和TMT测量的执行功能下降的研究，这两个测量是相关的，因为MCAV的增加导致TMT时间变慢。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 医学-呼吸系统

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

8.70%

发文量

104

审稿时长

54 days

期刊介绍： Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology (RESPNB) publishes original articles and invited reviews concerning physiology and pathophysiology of respiration in its broadest sense. Although a special focus is on topics in neurobiology, high quality papers in respiratory molecular and cellular biology are also welcome, as are high-quality papers in traditional areas, such as: -Mechanics of breathing- Gas exchange and acid-base balance- Respiration at rest and exercise- Respiration in unusual conditions, like high or low pressure or changes of temperature, low ambient oxygen- Embryonic and adult respiration- Comparative respiratory physiology. Papers on clinical aspects, original methods, as well as theoretical papers are also considered as long as they foster the understanding of respiratory physiology and pathophysiology.