HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis of ethanolic extracts from date palm organs and investigation of pollen activity against reprotoxicity in male mice

Abstract

In dry and semi-arid areas of the world, date palm is a very significant plant. Date palm pollen possesses diverse health-promoting properties, particularly in enhancing male fertility. The chemical composition of different date palm organs as well as its pollen therapeutic property was examined in this study. Ethanolic extracts of pollen, male and female flowers, and fruits were investigated. Total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents were determined for all organs. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were significantly (p < 0.05) obtained in pollen extract. Twenty metabolites were identified using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Besides two fatty acids, one lipid and five phenolic acids, twelve flavonoids were identified, including derivatives of quercetin, luteolin and isorhamnetin. The initial findings showed that concurrent dextamethrin treatment significantly (P < 0.01) reduced accessory weights (sex organ weights, sperm count, and motility) as well as body and testicular weights. Histological examination of the seminiferous tubule lumen of mice intoxicated with deltaethrin showed significant morphological changes, including tubular necrosis and a low number of gametes. Furthermore, phytotherapeutic potential study of date palm pollen at dose of 20 mg/kg against reprotoxicity, induced by deltamethrin in male mice, was investigated. Interestingly, it was noted that spermatozoa motility and count were significantly (P < 0.01) restored to the control group after pretreatment with date palm pollen extract. Additionally, administering date palm pollen extract raised SOD, CAT, and GSH activities in the testis considerably (P < 0.01) and decreased the elevated level of MDA. Hence, date palm pollen can be considered as an interesting source of natural compounds useful for infertility treatment.