Solvent-free biorefinery of leather fleshing waste into FAMEs and nitrogen-rich co-products

IF 6.5 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Cleaner Engineering and Technology Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI:10.1016/j.clet.2025.101065

Víctor Deroncelé , Sílvia Sorolla , Anna Bacardit

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Abstract

This study presents a solvent-free method for converting bovine and ovine fleshing waste into biodiesel-compatible compounds and a nitrogen-rich solid by-product. The process combines mechanical lipid separation using Tricanter® centrifugation with an optimized alkaline conversion step. Lipid recovery exceeded 92 %, and under optimal reaction conditions, conversion yields surpassed 95 % without the need for pre-treatment. Bovine-derived esters complied with international biodiesel standards, while ovine esters showed promising properties for thermal energy storage applications. The solid fraction, containing up to 9.3 % nitrogen and no regulated heavy metals, met European requirements for use as fertilizer. The process consumed approximately 23 % less energy than conventional methods, and techno-economic analysis supports its industrial feasibility. Overall, this integrated approach offers a scalable, sustainable solution for tannery waste valorization aligned with circular bioeconomy goals.

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无溶剂生物炼制皮革，将废肉转化为富氮副产品

本研究提出了一种无溶剂的方法，将牛和羊的肉废物转化为生物柴油相容的化合物和富氮的固体副产品。该工艺结合了机械脂质分离使用Tricanter®离心与优化的碱性转化步骤。脂质回收率超过92%，在最佳反应条件下，转化率超过95%，无需预处理。牛源酯符合国际生物柴油标准，而羊源酯在热能储存方面表现出良好的性能。固体部分，含有高达9.3%的氮和不受管制的重金属，符合欧洲要求作为肥料使用。该工艺消耗的能源比传统方法少约23%，技术经济分析支持其工业可行性。总的来说，这种综合方法为制革厂废物增值提供了可扩展的、可持续的解决方案，与循环生物经济目标保持一致。

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