Brain Myelin in Children with ADHD: A Longitudinal T1w/T2w-ratio Study.

IF 4.8
M Dipnall Lillian, Ian Fuelscher, Y M Yang Joseph, Jian Chen, M Craig Jeffrey, Vicki Anderson, Daryl Efron, J Silk Timothy
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Abstract

Background: Research has demonstrated a broad network of dysfunction across the brain in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), suggesting the potential role of white matter (WM) organization. This study sought to estimate the developmental trajectories of brain WM myelination in children with ADHD.

Methods: Neuroimaging and clinical data were collected as part of a longitudinal community-based pediatric cohort (Nscans=400; 195 with ADHD; age range, 9-14 years). Brain WM myelin was examined for 71 WM tracts across 3 time points using the T1w/T2w-ratio. Tracts were defined via a deep-learning based automated tractography method, performed on participant diffusion-weighted imaging. Linear and non-linear regression was conducted to examine group differences in T1w/T2w-ratio values. In addition to this, voxel-wise analysis was undertaken at each time point.

Results: Brain-wide, children with ADHD were found to exhibit the same developmental profile as those without ADHD for WM myelin. No group effects were seen at a cross-sectional or longitudinal level. In agreement with previous work, modelling suggests non-linear developmental increases with age across most tract. This non-linear relationship was characterized by a positive parabolic, or U-shaped developmental trajectory.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that there may not be distinct difference in the development of brain white matter myelination between children with and without ADHD. However, this suggests that previously reported differences in ADHD brain WM development may be attributable to properties other than myelin, such as fiber architecture and axon diameter. This further informs the understanding of brain development and highlights the need for further multi-modal longitudinal work.

ADHD儿童脑髓磷脂:纵向T1w/ t2w比值研究
背景:研究表明,在注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)中,大脑存在广泛的功能障碍网络,这表明白质(WM)组织的潜在作用。本研究旨在估计ADHD儿童脑WM髓鞘形成的发育轨迹。方法:收集神经影像学和临床资料,作为纵向社区儿科队列的一部分(n扫描=400;195例ADHD患者;年龄范围:9-14岁。使用T1w/ t2w比在3个时间点检查71个脑髓鞘束。通过基于深度学习的自动神经束造影方法定义神经束,并对参与者进行弥散加权成像。采用线性和非线性回归检验各组T1w/ t2w比值值的差异。除此之外,在每个时间点进行体素分析。结果:在全脑范围内,发现ADHD儿童在WM髓磷脂方面表现出与非ADHD儿童相同的发育特征。在横断面或纵向水平上未见组效应。与先前的工作一致,模型表明,在大多数地区,随着年龄的增长,发育呈非线性增长。这种非线性关系的特点是一个正抛物线,或u形的发展轨迹。结论:这些发现表明,患有和未患有ADHD的儿童脑白质髓鞘形成的发育可能没有明显差异。然而,这表明先前报道的ADHD脑WM发育差异可能归因于髓磷脂以外的特性,如纤维结构和轴突直径。这进一步说明了对大脑发育的理解,并强调了进一步开展多模态纵向研究的必要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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