{"title":"Old-Age Pensions and Female Labour Supply in India","authors":"Vidhya Unnikrishnan, Kunal Sen","doi":"10.1002/jid.70013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Whether cash transfers have unintended effects on the recipient household's labour supply is of considerable policy interest. We examine the impact of the Indira Gandhi National Old-Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) on prime-age women's labour supply decisions in India, where female labour force participation continues to decline over time. We use propensity score matching (PSM) to make households with IGNOAPS recipients comparable with programme non-recipients. Further, we use individual fixed effects (FE) to eliminate the effect of other time invariant unobservable characteristics on women's labour market behaviour. Our results from the PSM-FE suggest that having a pensioner in the household increases the probability of working in paid employment by 3.87 percentage points for women aged 20–50. We have explored the income effect and childcare constraint as potential mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":47986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Development","volume":"37 6","pages":"1337-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jid.70013","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of International Development","FirstCategoryId":"96","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jid.70013","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"DEVELOPMENT STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Whether cash transfers have unintended effects on the recipient household's labour supply is of considerable policy interest. We examine the impact of the Indira Gandhi National Old-Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) on prime-age women's labour supply decisions in India, where female labour force participation continues to decline over time. We use propensity score matching (PSM) to make households with IGNOAPS recipients comparable with programme non-recipients. Further, we use individual fixed effects (FE) to eliminate the effect of other time invariant unobservable characteristics on women's labour market behaviour. Our results from the PSM-FE suggest that having a pensioner in the household increases the probability of working in paid employment by 3.87 percentage points for women aged 20–50. We have explored the income effect and childcare constraint as potential mechanisms.
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The Journal aims to publish the best research on international development issues in a form that is accessible to practitioners and policy-makers as well as to an academic audience. The main focus is on the social sciences - economics, politics, international relations, sociology and anthropology, as well as development studies - but we also welcome articles that blend the natural and social sciences in addressing the challenges for development. The Journal does not represent any particular school, analytical technique or methodological approach, but aims to publish high quality contributions to ideas, frameworks, policy and practice, including in transitional countries and underdeveloped areas of the Global North as well as the Global South.
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