{"title":"Seasonal dynamics and relationships among aerosols, airborne bacteria, and microclimatic factors in an open type of dairy milking barn","authors":"Md. Aminul Islam, Atsuo Ikeguchi, Takanori Naide","doi":"10.1007/s11869-025-01758-9","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dairy farming is one of the crucial anthropogenic sources of airborne bacteria and aerosols for polluting and degrading environmental quality. An investigation was conducted to determine the indoor aerosols, microclimatic parameters, and airborne bacteria in an open type of dairy milking barn in Tochigi, Japan, from April 2017 to May 2018. The highest temperature (24.45ºC) and highest relative humidity (RH) (80.61%) were observed during the summer and the lowest temperature (4.27ºC) and lowest RH (64.0%) were observed during the winter and spring, respectively in the open type of dairy milking barn. A significant difference in airflow was not found during different seasons in the open type of dairy barn. All sizes of the aerosols (0.3–10.0 μm) and all types of airborne bacteria (airborne aerobic bacteria, <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>), and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>)) were greater during the summer and lower during the winter in the open type of dairy barn. A total of 13 (thirteen) relationships were observed among microclimatic factors, airborne bacteria, and aerosols in the dairy barn during the study period. A more significant negative relationship (<i>R</i> = 0.91, <i>p</i> = 0.01) was observed between the 1.0–2.0 μm aerosols and airborne <i>E. coli</i> during the summer and a more significant positive relationship (<i>R</i> = 0.88, <i>p</i> = 0.02) was observed between airborne <i>E. coli</i> and temperature during the summer in the barn. These findings will be crucial in limiting emission of aerosols and airborne bacteria from various types of dairy facilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"18 7","pages":"2127 - 2138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-025-01758-9","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Dairy farming is one of the crucial anthropogenic sources of airborne bacteria and aerosols for polluting and degrading environmental quality. An investigation was conducted to determine the indoor aerosols, microclimatic parameters, and airborne bacteria in an open type of dairy milking barn in Tochigi, Japan, from April 2017 to May 2018. The highest temperature (24.45ºC) and highest relative humidity (RH) (80.61%) were observed during the summer and the lowest temperature (4.27ºC) and lowest RH (64.0%) were observed during the winter and spring, respectively in the open type of dairy milking barn. A significant difference in airflow was not found during different seasons in the open type of dairy barn. All sizes of the aerosols (0.3–10.0 μm) and all types of airborne bacteria (airborne aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) were greater during the summer and lower during the winter in the open type of dairy barn. A total of 13 (thirteen) relationships were observed among microclimatic factors, airborne bacteria, and aerosols in the dairy barn during the study period. A more significant negative relationship (R = 0.91, p = 0.01) was observed between the 1.0–2.0 μm aerosols and airborne E. coli during the summer and a more significant positive relationship (R = 0.88, p = 0.02) was observed between airborne E. coli and temperature during the summer in the barn. These findings will be crucial in limiting emission of aerosols and airborne bacteria from various types of dairy facilities.
期刊介绍:
Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health.
It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes.
International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements.
This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.