Lignocellulosic Fiber-Reinforced Sustainable Composite Plates: Structural, Thermal, and Radiation Shielding Properties of Waste-Based Materials

IF 2.3 4区工程技术 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, TEXTILES

Fibers and Polymers Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI:10.1007/s12221-025-01053-5

Fehmi Saltan

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Abstract

This work reports on the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of sustainable composite plates produced from waste wood sawdust (WWS), industrial waste clay (WC), and zinc oxide (ZnO) via a simple hand-pressing technique. Structural analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed successful ZnO incorporation and a dose-dependent increase in composite crystallinity. Surface characterization through SEM revealed that ZnO addition modified surface roughness, with agglomeration becoming noticeable at higher loadings. Thermal stability assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that composites containing 5, 12.5, and 25% ZnO exhibited, respectively, 12, 24, and 38 °C higher onset degradation temperatures compared to the WWS/WC base plate. Gamma-shielding capabilities were quantified using Am-241 (59.5 keV) and Cs-137 (662 keV) sources in a narrow-beam geometry: the WWS/WC/ZnO 25% sample achieved the highest linear attenuation coefficients (μ = 0.316 cm⁻¹ for Am-241; μ = 0.104 cm⁻¹ for Cs-137) and corresponding half-value layers (HVL = 2.19 and 6.66 cm). These results exceed those of ZnO-free composites by over 45%. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that ZnO-reinforced, waste-derived composites combine robust thermal performance with effective low‐ and medium‐energy radiation shielding. This dual functionality underscores their potential as lightweight, eco-friendly shielding materials and highlights a viable route for valorizing industrial and biomass wastes into high-value protective products.

Graphic abstract

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木质纤维素纤维增强可持续复合材料板：废料基材料的结构、热和辐射屏蔽性能

本工作报道了用废木屑（WWS）、工业废粘土（WC）和氧化锌（ZnO）通过简单的手工压制技术生产可持续复合板材的设计、制造和性能评估。x射线衍射（XRD）的结构分析证实了ZnO的成功掺入和复合材料结晶度的剂量依赖性增加。通过SEM进行表面表征发现，ZnO的加入改变了表面粗糙度，并且在高负载下出现了明显的团聚现象。通过热重分析（TGA）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）评估的热稳定性表明，与WWS/WC基板相比，含有5%、12.5和25% ZnO的复合材料的起始降解温度分别高出12、24和38°C。采用Am-241 （59.5 keV）和Cs-137 （662 keV）窄波束源对γ屏蔽能力进行了量化：WWS/WC/ZnO 25%样品的线性衰减系数最高（μ = 0.316 cm⁻1）；μ = 0.104 cm （Cs-137）和相应的半值层（HVL = 2.19和6.66 cm）。这些结果比无zno复合材料高出45%以上。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，zno增强的废物衍生复合材料结合了强大的热性能和有效的低能量和中能量辐射屏蔽。这种双重功能强调了它们作为轻质环保屏蔽材料的潜力，并强调了将工业和生物质废物转化为高价值防护产品的可行途径。图形抽象

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来源期刊

Fibers and Polymers 工程技术-材料科学：纺织

CiteScore

3.90

自引率

8.00%

发文量

267

审稿时长

3.9 months

期刊介绍： -Chemistry of Fiber Materials, Polymer Reactions and Synthesis- Physical Properties of Fibers, Polymer Blends and Composites- Fiber Spinning and Textile Processing, Polymer Physics, Morphology- Colorants and Dyeing, Polymer Analysis and Characterization- Chemical Aftertreatment of Textiles, Polymer Processing and Rheology- Textile and Apparel Science, Functional Polymers