Different local air-pollution responses to the COVID-19 lockdown measures: three metropolises in Latin America

IF 2.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Oscar Nieto-Garzón, Angélica Lozano
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Abstract

Usually, urban air pollution policies are mainly based on reducing traffic. The COVID-19 lockdown gave a great opportunity to understand the relevance of traffic on urban air pollution, because year 2020 had three periods with marked differences on traffic activity. Existing studies analyse changes on air pollution during lockdown, but not for the subsequent period when traffic increased. This study analyses short-term changes in ground-level air pollution in the Metropolitan Zone of Mexico City (MZMC), Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), and Bogotá, for three phases: before lockdown (P1), the most restrictive phase (P2), and the relaxation phase (P3). The analyses using statistical tests included: (a) comparing the average 24-h mean pollutant concentration of each phase in 2020 with the same periods from 2016 to 2019; and (b) comparing the average 24-h mean pollutant concentrations among the phases. Results show that air pollution in the three metropolises behaved differently with large but site-specific reductions in primary pollutants concentrations based on mobility-restrictions’ stringency and compliance, particular environmental characteristics, and other factors influencing emission concentrations of each metropolis. Then, in order to improve air quality, it is necessary to identify for each city, the specific factors that contribute to change emissions as much as or more than traffic, for developing holistic and effective air pollution abatement policies Air quality management strategies require understanding the effectiveness and potential side impacts of restrictive measures on traffic, considering different situations. This is a key problem for urban sustainability in Latin America.

当地对COVID-19封锁措施的不同空气污染反应:拉丁美洲的三个大都市
通常,城市空气污染政策主要基于减少交通。新冠肺炎疫情封锁为了解交通与城市空气污染的相关性提供了一个很好的机会,因为2020年有三个时期的交通活动存在明显差异。现有的研究分析了封锁期间空气污染的变化,但没有分析随后交通增加的时期。本研究分析了墨西哥城大都市区(MZMC)、圣保罗大都市区(MASP)和波哥大地面空气污染的短期变化,分为三个阶段:封锁前(P1)、最严格阶段(P2)和放松阶段(P3)。采用统计检验进行分析,包括:(a)将2020年各阶段24小时平均污染物浓度与2016 - 2019年同期进行比较;(b)各阶段24小时平均污染物浓度比较。结果表明,三个大都市的空气污染表现不同,主要污染物浓度下降幅度较大,但具体地点不同,主要污染物浓度的下降取决于交通限制的严格程度和遵守程度、特定的环境特征以及影响排放浓度的其他因素。然后,为了改善空气质量,有必要确定每个城市,有助于改变排放的具体因素与交通一样多或更多,以制定全面有效的空气污染减排政策。空气质量管理策略需要了解限制措施对交通的有效性和潜在的副作用,考虑不同的情况。这是拉丁美洲城市可持续性的一个关键问题。
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来源期刊
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health
Air Quality Atmosphere and Health ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
2.00%
发文量
146
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health. It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes. International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements. This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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