Effect of go-around events on the LTO Cycle: emissions and fuel analysis

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of go-around aircraft on the LTO (Landing and Takeoff) cycle. Global flight traffic is increasing day by day. Increasing air pollution is damaging the ecosystem and human health. Pollutant emissions, especially around airports, reduce local air quality. The study aims to find the effect of the go-around in the LTO cycle on emissions. Detailed emission and fuel analyses of Airbus A320 series, Boeing 737 series, Airbus A350, and Boeing 777 aircraft engines, which are the most widely used in international short-medium-long range, have been conducted. These calculations were obtained using the International Civil Aviation Organization Engine Emissions Data Bank data. Approximately 94% of aircraft go-arounds are within the LTO cycle. The innovative aspect of this paper is to analyze the emissions and fuel increases of go-around aircraft within the LTO cycle. It has been calculated that an aircraft go-around (one pass) can increase emissions produced in the LTO cycle by 6%-40%, depending on engine type and time. Similarly, when a go-around occurs, the fuel used in the LTO cycle increases by 16%-60%. In addition to air pollution, this situation also brings extra fuel costs to the airlines. The go-around rate is between 3–4 per 1000 flights on average. Preventing aircraft from going around has significant benefits in terms of reducing environmental impacts. Measures such as pilot training, air traffic management optimization, and airport infrastructure development improve safety and support environmental sustainability. Although the go-around may seem alarming, it is a routine procedure performed for the safety of passengers and crew and can lead to more significant problems if not done. Safety is paramount in the aviation industry.