The association between urinary nitrate and prostate specific antigen without prostatic disease: a cohort study.

IF 1.9 3区医学 Q3 UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

BMC Urology Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI:10.1186/s12894-025-01878-5

Zhiyi Chen, Enpu Zhang, Lu Gan, Wenjuan Zhang, Guixiao Huang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: The carcinogenic effects of nitrate reduction to nitrite are well established, and nitrate has been closely linked to various diseases. However, research on its effects on the urinary system remains limited, and its association with PSA remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between urinary nitrate and PSA.

Methods: We employed weighted generalized linear models, weighted univariate analysis, forest plots, weighted multivariable analysis, and generalized additive models (GAM) to investigate the relationship between urinary nitrate and PSA. Subgroup analyses were conducted to further validate the stability of this association across different groups. GAM was utilized to provide a more intuitive representation of the specific relationships between PSA and urinary nitrate.

Results: TPSA, FPSA, and the prostate specific antigen ratio (%, 4 ng/mL ≤ TPSA ≤ 10 ng/mL) showed negative correlations with urinary nitrate. After adjusting for confounders, only the prostate-specific antigen ratio maintained a significant negative association (β = -632.7; 95% CI: -1094.9, -170.6; P = 0.011), while correlations with TPSA and FPSA were not statistically significant. A nonlinear relationship was observed, where urinary nitrate initially remained stable or changed minimally before gradually declining.

Conclusion: This study identifies a negative correlation between urinary nitrate and the prostate-specific antigen ratio in individuals with gray-zone TPSA. These findings enhance our understanding of urinary nitrate's impact and may help reduce overtreatment in this population.

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尿硝酸盐与无前列腺疾病的前列腺特异性抗原之间的关系：一项队列研究

目的：硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐的致癌作用已被证实，硝酸盐与多种疾病密切相关。然而，其对泌尿系统影响的研究仍然有限，其与PSA的关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨尿硝酸盐与PSA的关系。方法：采用加权广义线性模型、加权单变量分析、森林图、加权多变量分析和广义加性模型（GAM）探讨尿硝酸盐与PSA的关系。进行亚组分析以进一步验证这种关联在不同组间的稳定性。利用GAM可以更直观地表示PSA与尿硝酸盐之间的具体关系。结果：TPSA、FPSA、前列腺特异性抗原比值（%,4 ng/mL≤TPSA≤10 ng/mL）与尿硝酸盐呈负相关。在调整混杂因素后，只有前列腺特异性抗原比率保持显著的负相关(β = -632.7；95% ci: -1094.9, -170.6；P = 0.011)，而与TPSA、FPSA的相关性无统计学意义。观察到一种非线性关系，尿硝酸盐最初保持稳定或变化最小，然后逐渐下降。结论：本研究确定了灰色区TPSA患者尿硝酸盐与前列腺特异性抗原比例呈负相关。这些发现增强了我们对尿硝酸盐影响的理解，并可能有助于减少这一人群的过度治疗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

BMC Urology UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

177

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： BMC Urology is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in all aspects of the prevention, diagnosis and management of urological disorders, as well as related molecular genetics, pathophysiology, and epidemiology. The journal considers manuscripts in the following broad subject-specific sections of urology: Endourology and technology Epidemiology and health outcomes Pediatric urology Pre-clinical and basic research Reconstructive urology Sexual function and fertility Urological imaging Urological oncology Voiding dysfunction Case reports.