Advancements in the investigation of the mechanisms underlying cognitive aging.

IF 4.1 4区医学 Q1 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Biogerontology Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI:10.1007/s10522-025-10300-4

Honglu Zou, Shuo Zhang, Xinxin Cui, Hongyan Xu, Zhangying Zhou, Danmeng Cheng, Yanan Han, Youcai Tang, Anqin Dong, Xianwen Dong

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Abstract

Cognitive aging, a pivotal domain at the intersection of neuroscience and psychology, exhibits a strong association with neurodegenerative disorders; however, its comprehensive underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. This review aims to provide a thorough synthesis of recent advancements in the investigation of cognitive aging in the brain, highlighting multidimensional assessment techniques, neurobiological foundations, molecular regulatory pathways, systemic changes, environmental-gene interactions, and intervention strategies. Evidence suggests that cognitive aging is marked not only by widespread neuronal loss but also by subtle modifications within neural networks, protein homeostasis, mitochondrial functionality, and epigenetic regulation. The integration of various technological methodologies has shed light on the continuum that exists between cognitive aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Concurrently, multidimensional intervention strategies are being proposed; however, current research frameworks face challenges due to limitations in biomarker systems, indicating a need for a paradigm shift. Future investigations should leverage emerging technologies to develop more precise regulatory frameworks and personalized intervention strategies aimed at addressing the global challenges associated with aging, thereby enhancing the prevention and treatment of related pathologies.

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认知老化机制的研究进展。

认知衰老是神经科学和心理学交叉领域的一个关键领域，它与神经退行性疾病有着密切的联系；然而，其全面的潜在机制仍未完全阐明。本文综述了大脑认知衰老研究的最新进展，重点介绍了多维评估技术、神经生物学基础、分子调控途径、系统变化、环境-基因相互作用和干预策略。有证据表明，认知衰老不仅以广泛的神经元丧失为标志，还以神经网络、蛋白质稳态、线粒体功能和表观遗传调控的微妙变化为标志。各种技术方法的整合已经阐明了认知老化和神经退行性疾病之间存在的连续体。同时，正在提出多维干预战略；然而，由于生物标志物系统的局限性，目前的研究框架面临挑战，这表明需要进行范式转变。未来的研究应利用新兴技术来制定更精确的监管框架和个性化的干预策略，旨在应对与衰老相关的全球挑战，从而加强相关疾病的预防和治疗。

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来源期刊

Biogerontology 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

4.40%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： The journal Biogerontology offers a platform for research which aims primarily at achieving healthy old age accompanied by improved longevity. The focus is on efforts to understand, prevent, cure or minimize age-related impairments. Biogerontology provides a peer-reviewed forum for publishing original research data, new ideas and discussions on modulating the aging process by physical, chemical and biological means, including transgenic and knockout organisms; cell culture systems to develop new approaches and health care products for maintaining or recovering the lost biochemical functions; immunology, autoimmunity and infection in aging; vertebrates, invertebrates, micro-organisms and plants for experimental studies on genetic determinants of aging and longevity; biodemography and theoretical models linking aging and survival kinetics.