Eroded Sediment of Silt Dam Influenced by Spatial Distribution of Terraces in Watershed in the Loess Hilly–Gully Region (LHGR), China

IF 2.9 3区地球科学 Q1 Environmental Science

Hydrological Processes Pub Date : 2025-08-10 DOI:10.1002/hyp.70156

Zhe Gao, Gen'guang Zhang, Hongke Hao, Hong Zhang, Bo Yang, Hao Jia, Henghui Fan, Jian'en Gao

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Abstract

A outstanding issues in the management of Loess Plateau, the fragile ecological hydraulic erosion area, is that many silt dams were rapid abandonment or the dam land couldn't be formed because of the abundance or scarcity of sediment resulted from the uncoordinated arrangement of vegetation, terraced fields and silt dams. By constructing a 3D solid model of vegetation-terraced field-silt dam-small watershed of rainfall–runoff erosion, the coordinated relationships of water and sediment were studied under different terraced fields, vegetation coverage and rainstorm levels. The some calculation equations were obtained and vertified for the sedimentation drop ratio and relative sedimentation morphology parameters of silt dams with the spatial variation of terraced fields. It was found that the relative siltation morphological parameters ( $C_{Rt ~ α}$ ) of silt dams before and after watershed control had a good relationship with silt dam silt blocking modulus (M_s), and could reflect the coordinated relationship between vegetation-terraced fields and silt dams. When M_s ≤ 1000 t/(km² a), $C_{Rt ~ α}$ and M_s is a power function relationship, which reflected that the terraces were arranged in the upper reaches of the watershed, the siltation of the silt dam was small and the siltation morphology was similar to belt or delta sedimentation. When M_s > 1000 t/(km² a), the $C_{Rt ~ α}$ was close to the constant, indicating that the sedimentation was serious and the morphology was similar to that of vertebral body. M_s = 1000 t/(km² a) is the turning point of siltation morphological parameters and erosion modulus, and it is also the allowable value of erosion modulus for current control in the Loess Plateau basin. This study is of great significance for building a water–sediment coordination relationship between vegetation-terraced field-silt dam and effectively controlling soil erosion of the fragile ecological areas in the world.

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黄土丘陵沟壑区阶地空间分布对粉砂坝侵蚀沙量的影响

黄土高原是生态脆弱的水力侵蚀区，由于植被、梯田和淤坝排列不协调，导致泥沙丰富或稀少，导致许多淤坝迅速废弃或无法形成坝地，是目前黄土高原治理中的一个突出问题。通过构建植被-梯田-淤坝-降雨小流域-径流侵蚀的三维实体模型，研究了不同梯田、植被覆盖度和暴雨水平下的水沙协调关系。根据梯田的空间变化规律，得到了泥沙坝的沉降比和相对沉降形态参数的计算公式，并进行了验证。研究发现，在流域治理前后，粉砂坝的相对淤积形态参数（C Rt α $$ {C}_{Rt\sim \alpha } $$）与粉砂坝淤阻模量（Ms）有良好的关系；并能反映植被梯田与淤坝的协调关系。当Ms≤1000 t/(km2 a)时，C Rt α $$ {C}_{Rt\sim \alpha } $$与Ms呈幂函数关系，反映梯田分布在流域上游；泥沙坝淤积较小，淤积形态类似于带状或三角洲沉积。当Ms ＆gt； 1000 t/(km2 a)时，C Rt α $$ {C}_{Rt\sim \alpha } $$接近常数，表明沉积严重，形态与椎体相似。Ms = 1000 t/(km2 a)是泥沙形态参数和侵蚀模量的拐点，也是黄土高原流域控制水流的侵蚀模量允许值。该研究对于建立植被-梯田-淤坝的水沙协调关系，有效控制世界脆弱生态地区的水土流失具有重要意义。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Hydrological Processes 环境科学-水资源

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

12.50%

发文量

313

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Hydrological Processes is an international journal that publishes original scientific papers advancing understanding of the mechanisms underlying the movement and storage of water in the environment, and the interaction of water with geological, biogeochemical, atmospheric and ecological systems. Not all papers related to water resources are appropriate for submission to this journal; rather we seek papers that clearly articulate the role(s) of hydrological processes.