TAGA-FLEACH: Energy-efficient and secure clustering in WSNs using trust-aware GA-FLEACH with dead-hole monitoring

IF 4.8 3区计算机科学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Ad Hoc Networks Pub Date : 2025-08-09 DOI:10.1016/j.adhoc.2025.103990

Akanksha Shakya, Abhinesh Kaushik

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Internet-of-Things (IoT) deployments frequently depend on Wireless Sensor Networks, making power conservation, secure operation, and dependable connectivity indispensable. Traditional clustering protocols such as Fuzzy LEACH (F-LEACH) enhance energy performance using fuzzy logic, but face limitations including static fuzzy rules, lack of trust-awareness, and vulnerability to dead-hole formation caused by node energy depletion. To address these challenges, we propose TAGA-FLEACH, a Trust-Aware GA-Enhanced Fuzzy LEACH protocol that integrates Genetic Algorithm for dynamic optimization of fuzzy membership functions. A trust-aware mechanism ensures that only reliable nodes are selected as Cluster Heads, while a lightweight region-based dead-hole detection module identifies and predicts coverage gaps without affecting clustering operations. According to simulation results, the proposed TAGA-FLEACH protocol significantly improves energy efficiency, network lifetime, and resilience. It outperforms existing protocols, including F-LEACH and TSFC, by approximately 10%–25%.

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基于信任感知GA-FLEACH的无线传感器网络的高效安全聚类

物联网（IoT）的部署经常依赖于无线传感器网络，因此节能、安全运行和可靠连接必不可少。传统的聚类协议如Fuzzy LEACH （F-LEACH）利用模糊逻辑提高能量性能，但存在静态模糊规则、缺乏信任意识、节点能量耗尽容易形成死洞等局限性。为了解决这些挑战，我们提出了TAGA-FLEACH协议，这是一种基于信任感知的ga增强模糊LEACH协议，该协议集成了遗传算法来动态优化模糊隶属函数。一个信任感知机制确保只有可靠的节点被选择作为簇头，而一个轻量级的基于区域的死洞检测模块识别和预测覆盖缺口，而不影响集群操作。仿真结果表明，所提出的TAGA-FLEACH协议显著提高了能源效率、网络寿命和弹性。它比现有的协议，包括F-LEACH和TSFC，大约高出10%-25%。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ad Hoc Networks 工程技术-电信学

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

4.20%

发文量

131

审稿时长

4.8 months

期刊介绍： The Ad Hoc Networks is an international and archival journal providing a publication vehicle for complete coverage of all topics of interest to those involved in ad hoc and sensor networking areas. The Ad Hoc Networks considers original, high quality and unpublished contributions addressing all aspects of ad hoc and sensor networks. Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to: Mobile and Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Sensor Networks Wireless Local and Personal Area Networks Home Networks Ad Hoc Networks of Autonomous Intelligent Systems Novel Architectures for Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Self-organizing Network Architectures and Protocols Transport Layer Protocols Routing protocols (unicast, multicast, geocast, etc.) Media Access Control Techniques Error Control Schemes Power-Aware, Low-Power and Energy-Efficient Designs Synchronization and Scheduling Issues Mobility Management Mobility-Tolerant Communication Protocols Location Tracking and Location-based Services Resource and Information Management Security and Fault-Tolerance Issues Hardware and Software Platforms, Systems, and Testbeds Experimental and Prototype Results Quality-of-Service Issues Cross-Layer Interactions Scalability Issues Performance Analysis and Simulation of Protocols.