Resilience factors associated with mental health of adolescent learners living with mild and moderate intellectual difficulties.

IF 2.7
Johan Erlank Warnick, Lucia Munongi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Globally, around 14% of adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 are reported to face mental health issues. However, mild to moderate intellectual disabilities (MMID) are very prevalent among young people, affecting between 1 and 2% of this population. Most research has focused on risk factors associated with MMID in the Global North. There is a dearth of literature on resilience factors among adolescents diagnosed with MMID from the Global South, including South Africa. This study aimed to investigate the factors that enabled adolescents with MMID to be resilient.

Methods: A descriptive quantitative study investigating the resilience factors among adolescent learners diagnosed with MMID was conducted with 414 learners. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) was used to assess the prevailing resilience factors. The CYRM-28 consists of 28 questions to assess overall resilience. It is designed as a screening tool to explore the individual, relational, communal and cultural resources available to individuals which may bolster their resilience. Participants were conveniently selected from three schools that enrolled learners who had been diagnosed with MMID. The CYRM-28 questionnaire was administered with the support of qualified and trained school psychologists and teachers between August and September 2022. Data was descriptively analysed using SPSS.28 to get a picture of the prevailing resilience factors using scores, frequencies and percentages. Factor analysis was used to get the mean scores for the various factors and to establish how the participants scored in the various dimensions and sub-dimensions involved in the resilience measure. Independent t-tests were also used to investigate statistically significant differences between age, grade, race, gender and total resilience.

Results: The factors that had the highest mean scores were Caregiver Physical Care with a mean score of 4.27 and Contextual Education with a mean score of 4.21. The factors that were in the middle were Contextual Cultural, which had a mean score of 3.97; Individual Social Skills, which had a mean score of 3.96; and Contextual Spiritual, which had a mean score of 3.87. The factors that had the lowest mean scores were Individual Peer Support with a mean score of 3.43, Individual Personal Skills with a mean score of 3,45 and Caregiver Psychological Care with a mean score of 3.69. The t-tests results showed no significant differences between gender, race, age, grade and total resilience.

Conclusion: The results show that in most of the CYRM-28 factors, the mean scores indicated that the items were 'somewhat' descriptive of the participants, suggesting the need for more attention in those areas to enable them to facilitate resilience for adolescents with MMID. In all analyses done, results indicated no statistically significant differences, which calls for any intervention to be equally focused on all adolescents regardless of their age, grade, race or gender.

Abstract Image

轻度和中度智力困难青少年学习者心理健康的弹性因素
背景:据报告,在全球10至19岁的青少年中,约有14%面临心理健康问题。然而,轻度至中度智力残疾(MMID)在年轻人中非常普遍,影响到这一人口的1%至2%。大多数研究都集中在全球北方与MMID相关的风险因素上。在包括南非在内的全球南方国家中,关于被诊断患有轻度认知障碍的青少年的恢复力因素的文献很少。本研究的目的是探讨使患有中度认知障碍的青少年具有弹性的因素。方法:对414名青少年轻度认知障碍学习者的心理弹性因素进行描述性定量研究。采用儿童和青少年心理弹性量表(CYRM-28)评估主要心理弹性因素。CYRM-28由28个问题组成,用于评估整体弹性。它被设计为一种筛选工具,用于探索个人、关系、社区和文化资源,这些资源可以增强个人的复原力。参与者被方便地从三所学校中挑选出来,这些学校招收了被诊断为轻度认知障碍的学习者。在合格和训练有素的学校心理学家和教师的支持下,于2022年8月至9月进行了CYRM-28问卷调查。使用SPSS.28对数据进行描述性分析,以获得使用分数,频率和百分比的主要弹性因素的图片。因子分析得到各因子的平均得分,并确定参与者在弹性测量中各维度和子维度的得分情况。独立t检验也用于调查年龄、年级、种族、性别和总弹性之间的统计学差异。结果:平均得分最高的因素为照顾者身体护理(4.27分)和情境教育(4.21分)。处于中间位置的因素是情境文化,平均得分为3.97;个人社交技能,平均得分3.96分;语境精神,平均得分为3.87。平均得分最低的因素是个体同伴支持(平均得分3.43)、个体个人技能(平均得分3.45)和照顾者心理护理(平均得分3.69)。t检验结果显示,性别、种族、年龄、年级和总心理弹性之间无显著差异。结论:结果表明,在大多数CYRM-28因素中,平均得分表明这些项目“多少”描述了参与者,这表明需要在这些领域给予更多的关注,以使他们能够促进MMID青少年的心理适应能力。在所有的分析中,结果显示没有统计学上的显著差异,这就要求任何干预都要平等地关注所有的青少年,而不管他们的年龄、年级、种族或性别。
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