Proactive and reactive movement behaviours shape the antipredator sequence in a large herbivore.

IF 3.9 1区 生物学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Charlotte Vanderlocht, Benjamin Robira, Andrea Corradini, Simone Dal Farra, Federico Ossi, Davide Righetti, Heidi C Hauffe, Luca Pedrotti, Francesca Cagnacci
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Prey species can display antipredator movement behaviours to reduce predation risk, including proactive responses to chronic or predictable risk, and reactive responses to acute or unpredictable risk. Thus, at any given time, prey movement choice may reflect a trade-off between proaction and reaction. In previous studies, proaction and reaction have generally been considered separately, which neglects their potentially simultaneous influence on animal movement decisions and overall space use.

Methods: In this study, we analysed how proaction and reaction interact to shape the movements of GPS-collared red deer (Cervus elaphus) in response to hunting by humans. Using an exhaustive inventory of red deer hunting events and very high-resolution canopy cover density (LiDAR), we combined movement metric (displacement and path length) models and integrated step selection functions to investigate antipredator movement responses to lethal risk on various spatiotemporal scales, considering a dynamic landscape of risk.

Results: Our results show that red deer either proactively avoided areas of chronic risk, or they selected canopy cover where and when risk was predictably high. However, when risk was encountered anyway, canopy cover was no longer selected, but only modulated a reactive response along a remain-to-leave continuum. This reaction was even more evident when the environment was unfamiliar, underlining the importance of memory in such reaction patterns.

Conclusions: We describe how proaction and reaction fuse in an antipredator sequence of interconnected movement decisions in a large herbivore, and discuss how this result may help disentangle the ecological consequences of behavioural responses to predation. Finally, we lay the foundations for further investigations into the origins of similarities and differences between proactive and reactive movement responses.

主动和被动的运动行为塑造了大型食草动物的反捕食者序列。
背景:被捕食物种可以表现出反捕食者运动行为以降低捕食风险,包括对慢性或可预测风险的主动反应,以及对急性或不可预测风险的反应性反应。因此,在任何给定的时间,猎物的运动选择可能反映了主动和反应之间的权衡。在以前的研究中,主动和反应通常被分开考虑,忽略了它们对动物运动决策和整体空间使用的潜在同时影响。方法:在本研究中,我们分析了主动和反应如何相互作用,塑造了gps项圈马鹿(Cervus elaphus)对人类狩猎的反应。利用马鹿狩猎事件的详尽清单和非常高分辨率的冠层覆盖密度(LiDAR),我们结合了运动度量(位移和路径长度)模型和集成的步骤选择函数,考虑到风险的动态景观,研究了不同时空尺度上的反捕食者运动对致命风险的响应。结果:我们的研究结果表明,马鹿要么主动避开慢性风险区域,要么在可预测的风险高的地方和时间选择冠层覆盖。然而,无论如何,当遇到风险时,树冠覆盖不再被选择,而只是沿着剩余到离开连续体调节反应性响应。当环境不熟悉时,这种反应更加明显,强调了记忆在这种反应模式中的重要性。结论:我们描述了在大型食草动物中,主动和反应如何融合在一个相互关联的运动决策的反捕食者序列中,并讨论了这一结果如何有助于解开对捕食行为反应的生态后果。最后,我们为进一步研究主动和被动运动反应的异同的起源奠定了基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Movement Ecology
Movement Ecology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
4.90%
发文量
47
审稿时长
23 weeks
期刊介绍: Movement Ecology is an open-access interdisciplinary journal publishing novel insights from empirical and theoretical approaches into the ecology of movement of the whole organism - either animals, plants or microorganisms - as the central theme. We welcome manuscripts on any taxa and any movement phenomena (e.g. foraging, dispersal and seasonal migration) addressing important research questions on the patterns, mechanisms, causes and consequences of organismal movement. Manuscripts will be rigorously peer-reviewed to ensure novelty and high quality.
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