Four days of a moderate dose of caffeine does not alter raw bioelectrical impedance analysis parameters in healthy males

IF 2.6 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Clinical nutrition ESPEN Pub Date : 2025-08-06 DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.08.005

Rúben Francisco , Gil B. Rosa , Pedro B. Júdice , João P. Magalhães , André D. Cruz , Luís B. Sardinha , Henry C. Lukaski , Analiza M. Silva

{"title":"Four days of a moderate dose of caffeine does not alter raw bioelectrical impedance analysis parameters in healthy males","authors":"Rúben Francisco , Gil B. Rosa , Pedro B. Júdice , João P. Magalhães , André D. Cruz , Luís B. Sardinha , Henry C. Lukaski , Analiza M. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>This study investigated the effects of a moderate caffeine dose on resistance (R), reactance (Xc), impedance (Z), capacitance (Cap), and phase angle (PhA) over four days in males. Thirty men aged 20–39 years, with low caffeine consumption (<100 mg/day), participated in this double-blind, randomized crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01477294). The study consisted of two conditions - caffeine (5 mg/kg/day) and placebo (maltodextrin) - each lasting four days, separated by a three-day washout period.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Assessments were performed at baseline and on the fourth day of each condition. The R, Xc, Z, and PhA were measured through bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy using a frequency of 50 kHz. These were mathematically transformed in a parallel array.</div><div>Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while urine specific gravity (USG) was determined using a refractometer. Water intake (WI) was estimated through dietary food records.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A linear mixed model analysis, adjusting for FFM and WI and baseline values, found no significant differences in R, Xc, and Z in both series and parallel arrays, Cap, and PhA across conditions. Comparisons between baseline, placebo, and caffeine conditions did not reach statistical significance for any parameter (p > 0.05). USG values remained stable, indicating no changes in hydration status (p > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study shows that caffeine intake does not significantly affect raw bioelectrical impedance parameters. These findings simplify research by removing caffeine restrictions, enhancing study feasibility, and improving participant adherence. Clinical and sports settings allow for more flexible assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10352,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","volume":"69 ","pages":"Pages 599-607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical nutrition ESPEN","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405457725028918","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"NUTRITION & DIETETICS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background and aims

This study investigated the effects of a moderate caffeine dose on resistance (R), reactance (Xc), impedance (Z), capacitance (Cap), and phase angle (PhA) over four days in males. Thirty men aged 20–39 years, with low caffeine consumption (<100 mg/day), participated in this double-blind, randomized crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01477294). The study consisted of two conditions - caffeine (5 mg/kg/day) and placebo (maltodextrin) - each lasting four days, separated by a three-day washout period.

Methods

Assessments were performed at baseline and on the fourth day of each condition. The R, Xc, Z, and PhA were measured through bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy using a frequency of 50 kHz. These were mathematically transformed in a parallel array.

Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while urine specific gravity (USG) was determined using a refractometer. Water intake (WI) was estimated through dietary food records.

Results

A linear mixed model analysis, adjusting for FFM and WI and baseline values, found no significant differences in R, Xc, and Z in both series and parallel arrays, Cap, and PhA across conditions. Comparisons between baseline, placebo, and caffeine conditions did not reach statistical significance for any parameter (p > 0.05). USG values remained stable, indicating no changes in hydration status (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

This study shows that caffeine intake does not significantly affect raw bioelectrical impedance parameters. These findings simplify research by removing caffeine restrictions, enhancing study feasibility, and improving participant adherence. Clinical and sports settings allow for more flexible assessments.

查看原文本刊更多论文

四天中等剂量的咖啡因不会改变健康男性的原始生物电阻抗分析参数。

背景和目的：本研究调查了四天内适量咖啡因对男性的电阻(R)、电抗（Xc）、阻抗(Z)、电容（Cap）和相位角（PhA）的影响。30名年龄在20-39岁之间，咖啡因摄入量低的男性(方法：在基线和每一种情况的第四天进行评估。R、Xc、Z和PhA通过生物电阻抗谱测量，频率为50 kHz。它们在数学上被转换成一个并行数组。脂肪质量（FM）和无脂质量（FFM）采用双能x线吸收仪评估，尿液比重（USG）采用折光仪测定。通过饮食记录估计饮水量（WI）。结果：线性混合模型分析，调整FFM和WI以及基线值，发现在串联和并联阵列中R， Xc和Z， Cap和PhA在不同条件下没有显着差异。基线、安慰剂和咖啡因条件下的比较在任何参数上都没有达到统计学意义（p < 0.05）。USG值保持稳定，说明水化状态没有变化（p>0.05）。结论：本研究表明咖啡因摄入对原始生物电阻抗参数无显著影响。这些发现通过消除咖啡因限制、提高研究可行性和提高参与者的依从性来简化研究。临床和运动环境允许更灵活的评估。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Clinical nutrition ESPEN NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

3.30%

发文量

512

期刊介绍： Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is an electronic-only journal and is an official publication of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Nutrition and nutritional care have gained wide clinical and scientific interest during the past decades. The increasing knowledge of metabolic disturbances and nutritional assessment in chronic and acute diseases has stimulated rapid advances in design, development and clinical application of nutritional support. The aims of ESPEN are to encourage the rapid diffusion of knowledge and its application in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. Published bimonthly, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN focuses on publishing articles on the relationship between nutrition and disease in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is available to all members of ESPEN and to all subscribers of Clinical Nutrition.