Defects in antigen processing and presentation: mechanisms, immune evasion and implications for cancer vaccine development

IF 60.9 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
Florian Huber, Michal Bassani-Sternberg
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Human tumour cells express mutated and non-mutated proteins that can be processed and presented by these cells as peptides bound to human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Some of these peptides are recognized by cognate T cell receptors as ‘non-self’, leading to specific killing of tumour cells by T cells. This process is fundamental to the success of cancer immunotherapy, which exploits the ability of the immune system to eliminate transformed cells. Mutated antigens (neoantigens) have been implicated in the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which boost endogenous antitumour immune responses. In recent years, the combination of ICIs with personalized cancer vaccines that target neoantigens and other tumour-specific antigens has emerged as a new therapeutic strategy. However, the robust immune pressure that ICIs exert on cancer cells inevitably amplifies the phenomenon of immune editing, which can allow cancer cells to develop resistance mechanisms that subvert surveillance by the immune system. Diminished antigenicity can be due to defects in the antigen processing and presentation machinery, such as HLA-I/II loss of heterozygosity and loss of functional β2-microglobulin. This poses a considerable challenge for combination therapies that include ICIs and for the design of cancer-specific vaccines.

Abstract Image

抗原加工和呈递缺陷:机制、免疫逃避和对癌症疫苗开发的影响
人类肿瘤细胞表达突变和非突变的蛋白质,这些蛋白质可以被这些细胞加工并作为与人类白细胞抗原(HLA)结合的肽呈递。其中一些肽被同源T细胞受体识别为“非自我”,导致T细胞特异性杀死肿瘤细胞。这个过程是癌症免疫疗法成功的基础,它利用免疫系统的能力来消除转化细胞。突变抗原(新抗原)与免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)显著的治疗效果有关,ICIs可以增强内源性抗肿瘤免疫反应。近年来,ICIs与针对新抗原和其他肿瘤特异性抗原的个性化癌症疫苗的结合已成为一种新的治疗策略。然而,ICIs对癌细胞施加的强大免疫压力不可避免地放大了免疫编辑现象,这可能使癌细胞形成抵抗机制,从而破坏免疫系统的监视。抗原性的降低可能是由于抗原加工和呈递机制的缺陷,如hla - 1 /II杂合性的丧失和功能性β2微球蛋白的丧失。这对包括ICIs在内的联合疗法和癌症特异性疫苗的设计提出了相当大的挑战。
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来源期刊
Nature Reviews Immunology
Nature Reviews Immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
93.40
自引率
0.40%
发文量
131
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Immunology is a journal that provides comprehensive coverage of all areas of immunology, including fundamental mechanisms and applied aspects. It has two international standard serial numbers (ISSN): 1474-1733 for print and 1474-1741 for online. In addition to review articles, the journal also features recent developments and new primary papers in the field, as well as reflections on influential people, papers, and events in the development of immunology. The subjects covered by Nature Reviews Immunology include allergy and asthma, autoimmunity, antigen processing and presentation, apoptosis and cell death, chemokines and chemokine receptors, cytokines and cytokine receptors, development and function of cells of the immune system, haematopoiesis, infection and immunity, immunotherapy, innate immunity, mucosal immunology and the microbiota, regulation of the immune response, signalling in the immune system, transplantation, tumour immunology and immunotherapy, and vaccine development.
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