Inflammation, abdominal aortic aneurysm enlargement and rupture. Lessons learned from the Covid19 pandemic.

Abstract

Patients with moderate-severe COVID19 infection suffer from several cardiovascular diseases: heart failure (3 %-33 %), myocardial ischemia (0.9 %-11 %), ventricular dysfunction (10 %-47 %), arrhythmias (9 %-17 %), venous thrombo-embolism (25 %) and arterial thrombosis (1 %-3 %). Although intracranial and coronary arterial aneurysms have been described in adults and children with COVID19, few reports have correlated COVID19 infection and sudden degeneration of aortic aneurysms and dissections. We analyzed the risk factor for enlargement and rupture of aortic aneurysms in patrients with moderate-severe COVID19 infection. Several COVID19 related mechanisms may impact aortic aneurysm progression: increased elastin and collagen digestion by enzymes triggered by viral spike proteins in ACE2-negative myeloid cells and/or by inflammatory cytokines; hypoxemia related to thrombosis of micro vessels of the aneurismal wall; dysregulation of the immune system. Patients with known arterial aneurysm may be at risk for sudden increase of dimensions and rupture during moderate-severe COVID19 infection.