Prevalence and predictors of panic attacks among reproductive-age females among the attendees of primary health centers of Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: Panic attacks are sudden, intense episodes of fear, often accompanied by physical symptoms like tachycardia, rapid breathing, and sweating. These episodes can escalate into panic disorder, marked by persistent anxiety about future attacks. This study is novel in exploring an underrepresented population in global mental health research: reproductive-aged women in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Cultural, social, and environmental factors unique to this region significantly influence the occurrence of panic attacks. The study examines socio-demographic and obstetric factors associated with these episodes in southern Saudi Arabia, a region with limited existing research. To determine the prevalence and frequency of panic attacks among reproductive-aged women in Abha, Saudi Arabia, and identify associated socio-demographic and obstetric factors.

Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 499 reproductive-aged women (18-49 years) who were recruited using convenience sampling. Participants included those who met the inclusion criteria of reproductive age and consented to participate. Data was collected using a validated electronic questionnaire of socio-demographics, obstetric history, panic attack experiences, and triggers. Statistical analyses, including chi-square and regression, were applied.

Results: Among participants, 15.5% were diagnosed with panic disorder, and 63.7% experienced at least one panic attack, predominantly between 18 and 25 years. Symptoms included tachycardia, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea, and chest pain. Significant associations were found between panic attacks and marital status, number of children, smoking, and family history.

Conclusion: Nearly two-thirds of reproductive-aged women, particularly divorced women with a family history of panic attacks, experienced these episodes early in life. These attacks were linked to low coping skills and high-stress perception, impacting daily life and emotional resilience.