{"title":"Research progress on the chemical composition of galli gigeriae endothelium corneum.","authors":"Guo-Lian Gan, Hongxin Zhou, Zhen-Bin Lin, Xiang Li, Jing-Jin Lin, Li Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fchem.2025.1644192","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Galli Gigeriae Endothelium Corneum (GGEC), commonly known as \"Ji Nei Jin\" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is derived from the dried inner lining of the chicken gizzard. It has been widely used for centuries in China for treating indigestion, enuresis, gallstones, and urinary calculi. Recent studies have revealed that GGEC contains a variety of bioactive constituents, including proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, and trace elements, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological investigations have demonstrated its efficacy in promoting gastrointestinal motility, enhancing digestive enzyme activity, regulating glucose metabolism, dissolving stones, and exerting anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, clinical and experimental research has supported its potential as an adjunct in treating metabolic and digestive disorders. Despite these promising findings, limitations such as unclear mechanisms of action, lack of standardized preparations, and insufficient clinical trials hinder its broader application. This review aims to summarize the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and current research progress of GGEC, and to provide a reference for future studies and clinical utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":12421,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"1644192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12325334/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2025.1644192","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Galli Gigeriae Endothelium Corneum (GGEC), commonly known as "Ji Nei Jin" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is derived from the dried inner lining of the chicken gizzard. It has been widely used for centuries in China for treating indigestion, enuresis, gallstones, and urinary calculi. Recent studies have revealed that GGEC contains a variety of bioactive constituents, including proteins, amino acids, peptides, enzymes, and trace elements, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological investigations have demonstrated its efficacy in promoting gastrointestinal motility, enhancing digestive enzyme activity, regulating glucose metabolism, dissolving stones, and exerting anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, clinical and experimental research has supported its potential as an adjunct in treating metabolic and digestive disorders. Despite these promising findings, limitations such as unclear mechanisms of action, lack of standardized preparations, and insufficient clinical trials hinder its broader application. This review aims to summarize the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and current research progress of GGEC, and to provide a reference for future studies and clinical utilization.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Chemistry is a high visiblity and quality journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the chemical sciences. Field Chief Editor Steve Suib at the University of Connecticut is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to academics, industry leaders and the public worldwide.
Chemistry is a branch of science that is linked to all other main fields of research. The omnipresence of Chemistry is apparent in our everyday lives from the electronic devices that we all use to communicate, to foods we eat, to our health and well-being, to the different forms of energy that we use. While there are many subtopics and specialties of Chemistry, the fundamental link in all these areas is how atoms, ions, and molecules come together and come apart in what some have come to call the “dance of life”.
All specialty sections of Frontiers in Chemistry are open-access with the goal of publishing outstanding research publications, review articles, commentaries, and ideas about various aspects of Chemistry. The past forms of publication often have specific subdisciplines, most commonly of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistries, but these days those lines and boxes are quite blurry and the silos of those disciplines appear to be eroding. Chemistry is important to both fundamental and applied areas of research and manufacturing, and indeed the outlines of academic versus industrial research are also often artificial. Collaborative research across all specialty areas of Chemistry is highly encouraged and supported as we move forward. These are exciting times and the field of Chemistry is an important and significant contributor to our collective knowledge.
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