{"title":"Narrative Review of Suddah (Obstruction) in Unani Medicine.","authors":"Sadique Ali, Ishrat Rasool, Khaleequr Rahman, Asmat Rashid","doi":"","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive conditions represent a major challenge in global healthcare, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. These include a spectrum of diseases such as vascular thrombosis, embolism, respiratory tract obstructions, hepatobiliary blockages, lymphatic stasis, and intestinal obstructions. While modern medicine classifies and treats these conditions based on anatomical and physiological disruptions, historical records indicate that traditional medical systems, like Unani Medicine, had already developed detailed theoretical frameworks to understand such pathologies. In Unani literature, these conditions are referred to as \"Suddah,\" a term meaning \"blockage\" or \"closure of a passage.\" Ancient Unani scholars, such as Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Razi, and others, addressed the concept of Suddah in considerable depth, linking it with deranged humoral balance, altered temperament (Mizaj), and disruptions in the normal flow of humors (Akhlat) and vital spirit (Ruh). Their observations underscore the systemic importance of maintaining unobstructed pathways for optimal health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to gather, interpret, and present a comprehensive overview of the concept of Suddah as documented in classical Unani texts. It seeks to unify scattered references and explanations from key Unani physicians and scholars into a coherent academic resource. Additionally, it provides a brief outline of traditional treatment strategies for such conditions based on Unani principles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The narrative review of classical texts revealed a nuanced and integrative understanding of the causes, types, and therapeutic approaches related to obstructive disorders under the term Suddah, reflecting both philosophical and clinical insight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study consolidates classical Unani views on obstruction, providing a foundational platform for further clinical exploration and integrative healthcare approaches involving traditional wisdom and modern practice.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>obstructive diseases, Suddah, Unani medicine, narrative review.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Obstructive conditions represent a major challenge in global healthcare, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. These include a spectrum of diseases such as vascular thrombosis, embolism, respiratory tract obstructions, hepatobiliary blockages, lymphatic stasis, and intestinal obstructions. While modern medicine classifies and treats these conditions based on anatomical and physiological disruptions, historical records indicate that traditional medical systems, like Unani Medicine, had already developed detailed theoretical frameworks to understand such pathologies. In Unani literature, these conditions are referred to as "Suddah," a term meaning "blockage" or "closure of a passage." Ancient Unani scholars, such as Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Razi, and others, addressed the concept of Suddah in considerable depth, linking it with deranged humoral balance, altered temperament (Mizaj), and disruptions in the normal flow of humors (Akhlat) and vital spirit (Ruh). Their observations underscore the systemic importance of maintaining unobstructed pathways for optimal health.
Objectives: This study aims to gather, interpret, and present a comprehensive overview of the concept of Suddah as documented in classical Unani texts. It seeks to unify scattered references and explanations from key Unani physicians and scholars into a coherent academic resource. Additionally, it provides a brief outline of traditional treatment strategies for such conditions based on Unani principles.
Results: The narrative review of classical texts revealed a nuanced and integrative understanding of the causes, types, and therapeutic approaches related to obstructive disorders under the term Suddah, reflecting both philosophical and clinical insight.
Conclusion: This study consolidates classical Unani views on obstruction, providing a foundational platform for further clinical exploration and integrative healthcare approaches involving traditional wisdom and modern practice.
期刊介绍：
Launched in 1995, Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine has a mission to promote the art and science of integrative medicine and a responsibility to improve public health. We strive to maintain the highest standards of ethical medical journalism independent of special interests that is timely, accurate, and a pleasure to read. We publish original, peer-reviewed scientific articles that provide health care providers with continuing education to promote health, prevent illness, and treat disease. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine was the first journal in this field to be indexed in the National Library of Medicine. In 2006, 2007, and 2008, ATHM had the highest impact factor ranking of any independently published peer-reviewed CAM journal in the United States—meaning that its research articles were cited more frequently than any other journal’s in the field.
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine does not endorse any particular system or method but promotes the evaluation and appropriate use of all effective therapeutic approaches. Each issue contains a variety of disciplined inquiry methods, from case reports to original scientific research to systematic reviews. The editors encourage the integration of evidence-based emerging therapies with conventional medical practices by licensed health care providers in a way that promotes a comprehensive approach to health care that is focused on wellness, prevention, and healing. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine hopes to inform all licensed health care practitioners about developments in fields other than their own and to foster an ongoing debate about the scientific, clinical, historical, legal, political, and cultural issues that affect all of health care.
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