[Targeting neonatal Fc receptor blockade: reshaping the treatment landscape for IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases].

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases are conditions in which the immune system mistakenly recognizes and attacks its own tissues, triggering a series of inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Pathogenic IgG plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases. Traditional therapeutic agents often yield limited efficacy and are frequently associated with significant adverse effects. The advent of novel biologics, particularly neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) inhibitors, represents a breakthrough in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. FcRn inhibitors specifically block the interaction between FcRn and IgG, thereby accelerating the degradation of pathogenic IgG and alleviating damage to target organs. Multiple high-quality clinical studies have demonstrated that FcRn inhibitors exhibit remarkable efficacy and favorable safety in various IgG-mediated autoimmune diseases. However, several challenges remain, including variability in individual therapeutic responses, and the need for optimization of dosing regimens. Future research should prioritize the following areas: structural optimization of FcRn inhibitors, expansion of the therapeutic indications, exploration of combination therapy strategies, and the development of personalized dosing regimens. With the improvement in drug structure, accumulation of clinical evidence, and refinement of treatment approaches, FcRn inhibitors hold considerable promise as a major therapeutic option in the field of autoimmune disease treatment, offering more profound clinical benefits for patients.