Resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children: emerging challenges and opportunities.

IF 4 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI:10.1097/QCO.0000000000001126
Ruben C A de Groot, Bianca M M Streng, Louis J Bont, Patrick M Meyer Sauteur, Annemarie M C van Rossum
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: To summarize recent advances in Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatment, since the 2023-2024 global resurgence of M. pneumoniae following the COVID-19 pandemic has provided new insights.

Recent findings: The remarkably prolonged reduction of M. pneumoniae infections during COVID-19-related nonpharmaceutical interventions has shed new light on M. pneumoniae transmission, both on an individual and a global level. M. pneumoniae epidemiology showed striking differences in comparison with other respiratory pathogens, including RSV and pneumococcus. We discuss the possible mechanisms behind the delayed resurgence, including waning immunity and the persistence of M. pneumoniae reservoirs. There have been contrasting reports on disease severity with notable differences in severity between children and adults, with young adults showing marked vulnerability. The inability of M. pneumoniae diagnostic tests to differentiate between infection and carriage poses a continuing challenge: in daily clinical practice as well as in the interpretation of study results. Furthermore, several studies report safety and utility for tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones as treatment alternatives to macrolide antibiotics.

Summary: The global resurgence of M. pneumoniae following COVID-19 pandemic restrictions has provided a unique opportunity to study its epidemiology and pathophysiology, which has advanced our understanding of M. pneumoniae infections in children.

Abstract Image

儿童肺炎支原体感染的死灰复燃:新出现的挑战和机遇。
综述目的:总结肺炎支原体流行病学、病理生理学、诊断和治疗方面的最新进展,因为2019 -2024年COVID-19大流行后肺炎支原体的全球复苏提供了新的见解。最近的发现:在与covid -19相关的非药物干预措施期间,肺炎支原体感染的显著长期减少,为个人和全球层面的肺炎支原体传播提供了新的线索。肺炎支原体流行病学与其他呼吸道病原体(包括RSV和肺炎球菌)相比有显著差异。我们讨论了延迟复苏背后的可能机制,包括免疫力下降和肺炎支原体宿主的持久性。有关于疾病严重程度的对比报告,儿童和成人在严重程度上存在显著差异,年轻人表现出明显的脆弱性。肺炎支原体诊断测试无法区分感染和携带,这对日常临床实践以及对研究结果的解释构成了持续的挑战。此外,一些研究报告了四环素和氟喹诺酮类药物作为大环内酯类抗生素的治疗替代品的安全性和实用性。摘要:在COVID-19大流行限制之后,肺炎支原体在全球范围内的复苏为研究其流行病学和病理生理学提供了一个独特的机会,这提高了我们对儿童肺炎支原体感染的认识。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
2.60%
发文量
121
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: This reader-friendly, bimonthly resource provides a powerful, broad-based perspective on the most important advances from throughout the world literature. Featuring renowned guest editors and focusing exclusively on two topics, every issue of Current Opinion in Infectious Disease delivers unvarnished, expert assessments of developments from the previous year. Insightful editorials and on-the-mark invited reviews cover key subjects such as HIV infection and AIDS; skin and soft tissue infections; respiratory infections; paediatric and neonatal infections; gastrointestinal infections; tropical and travel-associated diseases; and antimicrobial agents.
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