{"title":"Current Epidemiological Trends and Public Health Challenges of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Thailand.","authors":"Yong Poovorawan, Sitthichai Kanokudom, Phattharaporn Inma, Pornjarim Nilyanimit, Nasamon Wanlapakorn","doi":"10.4269/ajtmh.25-0083","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis A virus (HAV) remains a global public health concern, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. Thailand, once hyperendemic, has experienced a significant decline in HAV prevalence over the past five decades because of socioeconomic progress and improved public health measures. The median age of seroprevalence has increased, reflecting a shift to low endemicity. Notably, the most recent 2024 study reveals that the epidemiological pattern of hepatitis A in Thailand now corresponds to a low endemicity classification. Although HAV outbreaks were common from 1984 to 2014, recent cases are largely confined to high-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men and immigrants. However, low HAV vaccination coverage persists because of high costs and exclusion from the Expanded Program on Immunization. Addressing these gaps through improved vaccine access and cost-effectiveness analysis is crucial. This review examines Thailand's changing HAV epidemiology, the impact of public health interventions, and the need for enhanced vaccination strategies to sustain low prevalence, prevent outbreaks, and curb cross-border transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":7752,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" ","pages":"724-727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12493123/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.25-0083","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/10/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"Print","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) remains a global public health concern, particularly in areas with poor sanitation. Thailand, once hyperendemic, has experienced a significant decline in HAV prevalence over the past five decades because of socioeconomic progress and improved public health measures. The median age of seroprevalence has increased, reflecting a shift to low endemicity. Notably, the most recent 2024 study reveals that the epidemiological pattern of hepatitis A in Thailand now corresponds to a low endemicity classification. Although HAV outbreaks were common from 1984 to 2014, recent cases are largely confined to high-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men and immigrants. However, low HAV vaccination coverage persists because of high costs and exclusion from the Expanded Program on Immunization. Addressing these gaps through improved vaccine access and cost-effectiveness analysis is crucial. This review examines Thailand's changing HAV epidemiology, the impact of public health interventions, and the need for enhanced vaccination strategies to sustain low prevalence, prevent outbreaks, and curb cross-border transmission.
期刊介绍：
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, established in 1921, is published monthly by the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. It is among the top-ranked tropical medicine journals in the world publishing original scientific articles and the latest science covering new research with an emphasis on population, clinical and laboratory science and the application of technology in the fields of tropical medicine, parasitology, immunology, infectious diseases, epidemiology, basic and molecular biology, virology and international medicine.
The Journal publishes unsolicited peer-reviewed manuscripts, review articles, short reports, images in Clinical Tropical Medicine, case studies, reports on the efficacy of new drugs and methods of treatment, prevention and control methodologies,new testing methods and equipment, book reports and Letters to the Editor. Topics range from applied epidemiology in such relevant areas as AIDS to the molecular biology of vaccine development.
The Journal is of interest to epidemiologists, parasitologists, virologists, clinicians, entomologists and public health officials who are concerned with health issues of the tropics, developing nations and emerging infectious diseases. Major granting institutions including philanthropic and governmental institutions active in the public health field, and medical and scientific libraries throughout the world purchase the Journal.
Two or more supplements to the Journal on topics of special interest are published annually. These supplements represent comprehensive and multidisciplinary discussions of issues of concern to tropical disease specialists and health issues of developing countries
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