How common are postpartum depressive thoughts and feelings? Item-level distribution of population-based screening records.

Abstract

BACKGROUND While 17% of new mothers experience symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD), emotional distress is more widespread in the postpartum period. This descriptive study described item-level responses on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to better understand common postpartum experiences. METHODS We analysed EPDS data from 170 218 childbirths (2015-2021) in the Danish HOPE cohort collected during routine postpartum visits. We described the distribution of responses to each item and total scores. RESULTS Most mothers reported mild or no symptoms. Items on self-blame, anxiety and feeling overwhelmed showed large variation. Self-harm thoughts were rare (1.7%). The median total score was 4 (IQR 2-7); 7.8% scored ≥11, indicating possible PPD. DISCUSSION Diverse emotional responses are common postpartum and often reflect normal adjustment. Item-level insights may help reduce stigma and support open dialogue around maternal mental health.