Inflammatory and fibrinolytic states in cats with and without cardiogenic atrial/arterial thromboembolism stratified by the presence and type of congestive heart failure.
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Abstract
Objective: To assess whether cats with cardiogenic pleural effusion have less systemic inflammation or an enhanced systemic fibrinolysis, preventing cardiogenic atrial/arterial thromboembolism compared to cats with cardiac disease without pleural effusion.
Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study evaluating cats presented with cardiac disease: without congestive heart failure (n = 246), with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (49) and with cardiogenic pleural effusion (94). At presentation, plasma fibrinogen and serum amyloid A were measured, and the fibrinogen:serum amyloid A (a marker of systemic fibrinolysis) was calculated. The frequency of cardiogenic atrial/arterial thromboembolism among groups was compared using the chi-squared test, whereas the other biomarkers were analysed using non-parametric tests.
Results: The prevalence of cardiogenic atrial/arterial thromboembolism was significantly higher in cats with pulmonary oedema (18/49, 36.7%) compared with cats without congestive heart failure (23/246, 9.3%) and with cardiogenic pleural effusion (9/94, 9.6%). The median serum amyloid A concentration in cats with cardiogenic pleural effusion (3.35 mg/L) was significantly higher than that in cats without congestive heart failure (0.65 mg/L), whereas no significant differences were found between cats with pulmonary oedema (1.4 mg/L) and those with pleural effusion or without congestive heart failure. After excluding 50 cats with cardiogenic atrial/arterial thromboembolism, there were 223 cats without congestive heart failure, 31 with pulmonary oedema, and 85 with pleural effusion. In the 85 cats without cardiogenic atrial/arterial thromboembolism and with cardiogenic pleural effusion, the median fibrinogen:serum amyloid A ratio (58) was significantly lower than the fibrinogen:serum amyloid A ratio (316) observed in the remaining 254 cats without cardiogenic atrial/arterial thromboembolism from the other two groups combined.
Clinical significance: Enhanced systemic fibrinolysis may play a role in the lower cardiogenic atrial/arterial thromboembolism risk of cats with cardiogenic pleural effusion.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Small Animal Practice (JSAP) is a monthly peer-reviewed publication integrating clinical research papers and case reports from international sources, covering all aspects of medicine and surgery relating to dogs, cats and other small animals. These papers facilitate the dissemination and implementation of new ideas and techniques relating to clinical veterinary practice, with the ultimate aim of promoting best practice. JSAP publishes high quality original articles, as well as other scientific and educational information. New developments are placed in perspective, encompassing new concepts and peer commentary. The target audience is veterinarians primarily engaged in the practise of small animal medicine and surgery.
In addition to original articles, JSAP will publish invited editorials (relating to a manuscript in the same issue or a topic of current interest), review articles, which provide in-depth discussion of important clinical issues, and other scientific and educational information from around the world.
The final decision on publication of a manuscript rests with the Editorial Board and ultimately with the Editor. All papers, regardless of type, represent the opinion of the authors and not necessarily that of the Editor, the Association or the Publisher.
The Journal of Small Animal Practice is published on behalf of the British Small Animal Veterinary Association and is also the official scientific journal of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association
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