Simultaneous determination of 101 volatile organic compounds released from plastic runway tracks based on the environmental chamber-canister sampling-three-stage cold trap preconcentration-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection method.
Gan Liu, Yong Ma, Hong Wang, Yanrong Meng, Yu Huang, Weitao Zheng
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Abstract
This paper provides a strategy for detecting and monitoring volatile organic compounds released from plastic runway tracks. The method applies a simultaneous determination of 101 VOCs based on the environmental chamber-canister sampling-three-stage cold trap preconcentration-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection (GC-MS/FID) method. For this purpose, an environmental chamber, SUMMA canisters, an atmospheric pre-concentrator, and a GC-MS/FID dual detection setup were adopted to collect VOCs released from plastic athletic tracks in an environmental chamber, followed by their preconcentration in a three-stage cold trap including glass-bead cold trap concentration, Tenax tube cold trap concentration, and capillary glass tube absorption focusing. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of VOCs were conducted. The obtained results showed that the optimal environmental parameters for releasing VOCs from plastic runway tracks were an ambient temperature of 60°C, a relative humidity of 5%, an air exchange rate of 1.0 h-1, and a release time of 24 h. The established method showed a linear relationship within a range from 0.8 to 16.0 ppb, with linear correlation coefficients for different compounds ranging from 0.9546 to 1.0000. The detection limits of the method ranged from 0.01 to 0.74 μg·m-3 (equivalent to 0.005-0.220 ppb, at 60°C and 1 atm), the relative error (n = 7) was between -10.16% and 12.84%, and the relative standard deviation (n = 7) was from 0.16% to 4.94%. The released VOCs can be divided into seven categories, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, oxygenated organic compounds, and nitrogenous organic compounds. Acetone (Z)-1,2-dichloroethene, 3-methylheptane, n-octane, n-decane, n-butane, trans-2-pentene, styrene, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane were common VOCs contained in athletic plastic tracks. The established simultaneous determination of VOCs based on the environmental chamber-canister sampling-three-stage cold trap preconcentration-GC-MS/FID method showed good linear and correlation relationships, high sensitivity and precision, and strong repeatability, which is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative detection of 101 kinds of VOCs from plastic athletic tracks. Finally, it was concluded that small differences in the mass concentration of the main VOC monomers appear in different athletic plastic tracks.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Chemistry is a high visiblity and quality journal, publishing rigorously peer-reviewed research across the chemical sciences. Field Chief Editor Steve Suib at the University of Connecticut is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to academics, industry leaders and the public worldwide.
Chemistry is a branch of science that is linked to all other main fields of research. The omnipresence of Chemistry is apparent in our everyday lives from the electronic devices that we all use to communicate, to foods we eat, to our health and well-being, to the different forms of energy that we use. While there are many subtopics and specialties of Chemistry, the fundamental link in all these areas is how atoms, ions, and molecules come together and come apart in what some have come to call the “dance of life”.
All specialty sections of Frontiers in Chemistry are open-access with the goal of publishing outstanding research publications, review articles, commentaries, and ideas about various aspects of Chemistry. The past forms of publication often have specific subdisciplines, most commonly of analytical, inorganic, organic and physical chemistries, but these days those lines and boxes are quite blurry and the silos of those disciplines appear to be eroding. Chemistry is important to both fundamental and applied areas of research and manufacturing, and indeed the outlines of academic versus industrial research are also often artificial. Collaborative research across all specialty areas of Chemistry is highly encouraged and supported as we move forward. These are exciting times and the field of Chemistry is an important and significant contributor to our collective knowledge.
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