{"title":"Recent advances in piperazine derivatives as antibacterial agents: a comprehensive review (2020-2024).","authors":"Kripa Patel, Moksh Shah, Khyati Patel, Afzal Nagani","doi":"10.1007/s11030-025-11311-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health challenge that requires the development of new therapeutic drugs. Piperazine, a privileged nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffold, has been identified as a viable framework for antibacterial drug development. This review examines current breakthroughs (2020-2024) in piperazine-based compounds with antibacterial activity. We discuss their structural modifications and potency against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Special importance is placed on newly synthesized compounds demonstrating high efficacy, as well as their structure-activity relationships (SAR). Additionally, we highlight ongoing challenges and future perspectives in the development of piperazine-based antibacterial agents, underscoring their potential to combat resistant pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":708,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Diversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Molecular Diversity","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-025-11311-6","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health challenge that requires the development of new therapeutic drugs. Piperazine, a privileged nitrogen-containing heterocyclic scaffold, has been identified as a viable framework for antibacterial drug development. This review examines current breakthroughs (2020-2024) in piperazine-based compounds with antibacterial activity. We discuss their structural modifications and potency against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Special importance is placed on newly synthesized compounds demonstrating high efficacy, as well as their structure-activity relationships (SAR). Additionally, we highlight ongoing challenges and future perspectives in the development of piperazine-based antibacterial agents, underscoring their potential to combat resistant pathogens.
期刊介绍：
Molecular Diversity is a new publication forum for the rapid publication of refereed papers dedicated to describing the development, application and theory of molecular diversity and combinatorial chemistry in basic and applied research and drug discovery. The journal publishes both short and full papers, perspectives, news and reviews dealing with all aspects of the generation of molecular diversity, application of diversity for screening against alternative targets of all types (biological, biophysical, technological), analysis of results obtained and their application in various scientific disciplines/approaches including:
combinatorial chemistry and parallel synthesis;
small molecule libraries;
microwave synthesis;
flow synthesis;
fluorous synthesis;
diversity oriented synthesis (DOS);
nanoreactors;
click chemistry;
multiplex technologies;
fragment- and ligand-based design;
structure/function/SAR;
computational chemistry and molecular design;
chemoinformatics;
screening techniques and screening interfaces;
analytical and purification methods;
robotics, automation and miniaturization;
targeted libraries;
display libraries;
peptides and peptoids;
proteins;
oligonucleotides;
carbohydrates;
natural diversity;
new methods of library formulation and deconvolution;
directed evolution, origin of life and recombination;
search techniques, landscapes, random chemistry and more;
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