Size-disaggregated landings of Pama croaker (Otolithoides pama) at a fish collection station in the Gulf of Mottama, Myanmar: An eight-year analysis

Abstract

Small-scale fisheries play a crucial role in sustaining coastal communities, yet they face significant challenges due to illegal fishing and a lack of comprehensive data for effective management. This study presents an eight-year analysis (2016–2023) of landings of Pama croaker (Otolithoides pama), a key economic species for local livelihoods in the Gulf of Mottama, Myanmar. Using size-disaggregated data from a fish collection station operated by Mawlamyine Holding Limited, we assessed changes in population structure, seasonal landing patterns, and economic contributions. Total landings increased from 25,930 kg in 2016 to 139,618 kg in 2023; however, the number of individuals declined, indicating a shift toward the capture of larger fish, likely recruiting from earlier juvenile stages (size categories 1 and 2). Analysis of size composition further revealed a decline in juvenile recruitment in recent years. Time-series analysis showed bimodal landing peaks in June–July and December–January, likely influenced by monsoonal inputs and spawning migrations. Economic valuation estimated annual gross income per fisher between USD 1732 and USD 5692, with total fishery value reaching approximately USD 10 million annually across the Gulf. Although fisheries co-management efforts played a crucial role in increasing fish landings from 2017 through 2023, recent political instability and weakened enforcement have posed a threat to long-term sustainability, enabling the resurgence of destructive fishing practices. Our findings underscore the importance of strengthening co-management systems and restore enforcement patrols to ensure the resilience of Pama croaker stocks and the livelihoods of coastal fishing communities.