Bridging yield gaps in rice production through integrated crop and nutrient management with farmer groups

IF 6.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Hasil Sembiring , Setia Sari Girsang , Arif Anshori , Erythrina Erythrina , Pepi Nur Susilawati , Andy Bhermana , Yohanis Ngongo , Sidiq Hanapi , Darojat Prawiranegara , Nuning A. Subekti , Priatna Sasmita , Irish Lorraine B. Pabuayon , Rowena L. Castillo , Zulkifli Zaini , Roland J. Buresh
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Abstract

Context or problem

Studies have shown that rice yields in Asia can be further increased, but achieving higher yields with high efficiencies of resource use will require the development and use of management practices customized to reduce the specific yield-limiting constraints of farmers.

Objective or research question

We hypothesized that farmers’ yields could be increased to an attainable target through participation of technical experts with farmer groups to identify and implement a group-specific integrated crop and nutrient management practice (ICNM), which combined an improved rice variety, optimum population of transplanted rice, and one site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) practice designed to achieve sufficient spikelets for the target yield.

Methods

The ICNM of one farmer group was compared to the farmer’s management practices (FMP) of an adjacent farmer group at three locations with irrigated rice, two locations with rainfed lowland rice, and two locations in rainfed tidal swamps in Indonesia. Each group had 14–55 farmers. Yield gaps were estimated from the difference between yield potential — simulated using actual weather conditions at each location — and the yield measured for each farmer.

Results

The FMP yields averaged 63–69 % of yield potential for IR 64 at irrigated locations and 53–60 % of water-limited yield potential for IR 64 at rainfed locations. The ICNM increased yield compared to FMP by about 20 % at each location, largely through an increase in panicles and spikelets per panicle. With ICNM, > 40 % of farmers attained ≥ 80 % of yield potential at each irrigated location and > 40 % of farmers attained ≥ 70 % of the water-limited yield potential at three of the four rainfed locations. The ICNM increased costs for fertilizer, seed, nursery management, and transplanting by an average sum total of USD 53 ha–1, but ICNM reduced use of insecticide and fungicide. With ICNM, pesticide use was reduced by an average of two applications resulting in an average savings of USD 23 ha–1. The ICNM reduced yield-scaled costs, and the added net benefit with ICNM averaged 307 USD ha–1.

Conclusions

One SSNM practice — agreed upon by a farmer group and then used by farmers in the group — combined with an adapted rice variety and adequate plant population increased yield and income, while achieving for many of the farmers a targeted fraction of simulated yield potential.

Implications or significance

The participatory development with a farmer group of one group-specific ICNM practice and the subsequent use of the ICNM practice by members in the farmer group provides a promising approach for closing yield gaps in Asian rice production.
通过与农民团体进行作物和养分综合管理,缩小水稻产量差距
背景或问题研究表明,亚洲的水稻产量可以进一步提高,但要在资源利用效率高的情况下实现更高的产量,将需要开发和使用定制的管理实践,以减少农民的特定产量限制因素。目的或研究问题我们假设,通过技术专家与农民群体的参与,确定并实施特定群体的作物和营养综合管理实践(ICNM),农民的产量可以提高到一个可实现的目标,该实践结合了改良水稻品种、最佳移栽水稻群体和一种特定地点的营养管理(SSNM)实践,旨在实现足够的目标产量。方法将一个农民群体的ICNM与相邻农民群体在印度尼西亚三个种植灌溉水稻的地点、两个种植雨养低地水稻的地点和两个雨养潮汐沼泽的地点的农民管理实践(FMP)进行比较。每组有14-55名农民。产量缺口是根据产量潜力(利用每个地点的实际天气条件模拟)与每个农民的测量产量之间的差异估计出来的。结果在灌溉区,FMP产量平均为IR 64产量潜力的63 ~ 69 %,在旱地,FMP产量平均为IR 64限水产量潜力的53 ~ 60 %。与FMP相比,ICNM在每个位置的产量提高了约20% %,主要是通过增加穗数和每穗颖花数。采用ICNM,在每个灌区,>; 40 %的农民达到了≥ 80 %的产量潜力,>; 40 %的农民在四个雨养区中的三个达到了≥ 70 %的限水产量潜力。ICNM使肥料、种子、苗圃管理和移栽的成本平均增加了53美元 ha-1,但ICNM减少了杀虫剂和杀菌剂的使用。使用ICNM,农药使用量平均减少两次,平均节省23美元 ha-1。ICNM降低了产量规模成本,增加的净效益平均为307美元/公顷。一种SSNM做法——由一个农民群体商定并由该群体中的农民使用——与适应的水稻品种和充足的植物种群相结合,提高了产量和收入,同时对许多农民来说,实现了模拟产量潜力的目标部分。影响或意义农民群体对特定群体的ICNM实践的参与性发展,以及农民群体成员随后对ICNM实践的使用,为缩小亚洲水稻生产的产量差距提供了一种有希望的方法。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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