Magnetic Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Catalytic Performances, Environmental and Biological Applications

Abstract

In the present review, we addressed the synthesis and applications of the magnetic layered double hydroxide nanocomposites in different scientific areas including catalysis, environmental remediation, and biological functions. First, we appraised the varied approaches for the synthesis of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), containing co-precipitation, hydrothermal, sol–gel, ion-exchange, urea hydrolysis, and reconstruction methods. Afterward, we concentrated on the utility of the magnetic LDH-based composites and evaluated their catalytic effectiveness in 4-nitrophenol reduction, coupling reactions, preparation of polycyclic aromatic compounds, and oxidation reactions. Next, the applicability of magnetic LDHs was assessed in the removal of water pollutants and dyes. Ultimately, we discussed the efficiency of magnetic LDH nanocomposites for biological applications like drug delivery. Investigating the obtained results of the reviewed reports demonstrated the auspicious performance of these compounds in all of the above-mentioned fields. Overall, the magnetic LDH-based composites manifested a satisfactory outlook in various scientific areas due to their stability, remarkable flexibility, relatively proper surface area, appropriate adsorption capacity, as well as propitious retrievability and reusability character.