Effect of Build Orientation on Uniaxial Time-Dependent Ratcheting of Polyamide 12 Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering

IF 3.2 2区材料科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI:10.1111/ffe.14700

Minjun Zhao, Kaijuan Chen, Qianhua Kan, Guozheng Kang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This study examined the impact of build orientation on the time-dependent ratcheting of polyamide 12 fabricated by selective laser sintering, focusing on the effects of voids and sintering interfaces. Results demonstrate that the ratcheting of the materials is notably time-dependent, with ratcheting strain increasing by 107% when the peak stress duration is extended from 0 to 10 s and by 95% when the loading rate is reduced from 15 to 1 MPa·s⁻¹; additionally, an interaction between creep and ratcheting is identified, suggesting that the loading history also influences the ratcheting of the materials; at high-stress levels (16 ± 22 MPa), the ratcheting of the materials shows a strong dependence on the build orientation, with the ratcheting strain increasing in the order of X0, X90, and X45 orientations (i.e., an increase of approximately 30% from the X0 to X45 orientation), which is attributed to the higher porosity of the materials with the X45 orientation and the larger projection area of voids perpendicular to the loading direction; in contrast, at low-stress levels (12 ± 18 MPa), the ratcheting strains of the materials built in the different orientations are almost the same. These findings provide experimental data support for the structural design of selective laser sintering polyamide 12 and highlight the significant impact of voids and sintering interfaces on the ratcheting of printed parts.

Highlights

The effect of build orientation on uniaxial time-dependent ratcheting was investigated.
The significant impact of voids and sintering interfaces on ratcheting was revealed.
At high-stress levels, the X0 build orientation shows the smallest ratcheting strain.
As void defects preferentially orient in the X45 build orientation, the ratcheting is more pronounced.

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构筑取向对选择性激光烧结聚酰胺12单轴时变棘轮的影响

摘要：本研究考察了构建取向对选择性激光烧结聚酰胺12的时间依赖性棘轮的影响，重点研究了孔隙和烧结界面的影响。结果表明：材料的棘轮应变具有明显的时间依赖性，当峰值应力持续时间从0延长到10 s时，棘轮应变增加了107%，当加载速率从15 MPa·s−1降低到1 MPa·s−1时，棘轮应变增加了95%；此外，蠕变和棘轮之间的相互作用被确定，表明加载历史也影响材料的棘轮；在高应力水平（16±22 MPa）下，材料的棘轮应变表现出较强的依赖性，棘轮应变的增大顺序为X0、X90和X45取向（即从X0到X45取向增加约30%），这是由于X45取向的材料孔隙率更高，垂直于加载方向的孔洞投影面积更大；相反，在低应力水平（12±18 MPa）下，不同取向材料的棘轮应变几乎相同。这些发现为选择性激光烧结聚酰胺12的结构设计提供了实验数据支持，并突出了孔隙和烧结界面对打印部件棘轮的重要影响。重点研究了构建方向对单轴时变棘轮的影响。揭示了孔洞和烧结界面对棘轮效应的显著影响。在高应力水平下，X0构建方向显示出最小的棘轮应变。由于空洞缺陷优先在X45构建方向上定向，棘轮更加明显。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

18.90%

发文量

256

审稿时长

4 months

期刊介绍： Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures (FFEMS) encompasses the broad topic of structural integrity which is founded on the mechanics of fatigue and fracture, and is concerned with the reliability and effectiveness of various materials and structural components of any scale or geometry. The editors publish original contributions that will stimulate the intellectual innovation that generates elegant, effective and economic engineering designs. The journal is interdisciplinary and includes papers from scientists and engineers in the fields of materials science, mechanics, physics, chemistry, etc.