Rethinking electricity demand-side response: Relational approaches to the challenge of residential flexibility in Italy

Abstract

Residential electricity demand-side response remains a challenge when driven by market approaches. In contrast, some actors are advancing relational models that link flexibility to consumer-centric logics and broader social goals, with promising engagement results. In Italy, historically low consumer involvement poses barriers to adopting such models and hinders the development of a flexibility market. Based on qualitative analysis, this study examines how various institutional actors involved in experimental DSR projects reframe citizen engagement through more socially grounded approaches. Policy implications include recognising energy data access as a right, auditing contracted grid capacity, and fostering collaborative governance frameworks.