Strategic assessment of waste-to-energy pathways for sustainable municipal solid waste management in Bangladesh

IF 5.9 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Renewable Energy Focus Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI:10.1016/j.ref.2025.100745

Md.Sazid Khan , Hasan Muhommod Robin , Md Nahid Khan , Sadman Salim Rahman Asif , Md.Sadbin Islam , Mim Mashrur Ahmed

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Abstract

Uncontrolled accumulation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC), Bangladesh, poses a critical threat to environmental and public health. With MSW projected to rise by over 320% by 2040 from 2024 levels, there is an urgent need to transition from open dumping to sustainable energy recovery solutions. This study presents a techno-economic and environmental assessment of three waste-to-energy (WtE) pathways anaerobic digestion (AD), incineration (INC), and landfill gas (LFG) recovery over the 2024-2040 period. AD and INC emerged as the most effective, each producing over 700 million kWh annually by 2040, compared to 45 million kWh for LFG. AD and INC showed strong financial viability, with net present values of USD 419 million and USD 392 million and discounted payback periods of 4.2 years. Levelized cost of energy remained low across all options. AD had the lowest acidification and dioxin emissions, while LFG and No Recovery scenarios imposed the highest human health (USD 1.39 million) and ecosystem damages (USD 15 million). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the resilience of AD and INC under varying inflation and electricity price conditions. Overall, an AD-led strategy, supported by selective INC, offers the most balanced energy, economic, and environmental outcomes. The study provides an evidence-based framework for implementing decentralized WtE systems in rapidly urbanizing cities.

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对孟加拉国可持续城市固体废物管理中废物转化为能源途径的战略评估

孟加拉国拉杰沙希市公司（RCC）的城市固体废物（MSW）无控制地积累，对环境和公众健康构成严重威胁。预计到2040年，城市生活垃圾将比2024年的水平增加320%以上，因此迫切需要从露天倾倒转向可持续的能源回收解决方案。本研究提出了2024-2040年期间厌氧消化（AD）、焚烧（INC）和垃圾填埋气（LFG）回收三种垃圾发电（WtE）途径的技术经济和环境评估。AD和INC是最有效的，到2040年，它们的年发电量均超过7亿千瓦时，而LFG的年发电量为4500万千瓦时。AD和INC表现出强大的财务可行性，净现值分别为4.19亿美元和3.92亿美元，贴现回收期为4.2年。能源平准化成本在所有选项中保持较低水平。AD的酸化和二恶英排放量最低，而LFG和No Recovery情景对人类健康造成的损害最高（139万美元），对生态系统造成的损害最高（1500万美元）。敏感性分析证实了AD和INC在不同通胀和电价条件下的弹性。总体而言，由ad主导的战略，在选择性公司的支持下，可以提供最平衡的能源、经济和环境结果。该研究为在快速城市化的城市实施分散的WtE系统提供了一个基于证据的框架。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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