Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Outbreak—Oregon, United States, 2024

IF 2.8 4区农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Journal of food protection Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI:10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100590

Rosalie T. Trevejo , Matthew Hunter , Terran Gilbreath , Madison Walton , June E. Bancroft , Emilio E. DeBess , Dat Tran , Paul R. Cieslak

{"title":"Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Outbreak—Oregon, United States, 2024","authors":"Rosalie T. Trevejo , Matthew Hunter , Terran Gilbreath , Madison Walton , June E. Bancroft , Emilio E. DeBess , Dat Tran , Paul R. Cieslak","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2025.100590","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In May 2024, the Oregon Poison Center notified the Oregon Health Authority of multiple people with suspected paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) who had consumed self-harvested mussels. Two days before this report, part of the Oregon Coast was closed to mussel harvesting after detection of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) above the closure threshold (≥80 µg PST/100 g shellfish tissue) in mussels at one site. Following these illness reports, the closure was expanded northward to the Oregon-Washington border to include harvest areas reported by ill persons. An outbreak investigation was initiated to describe the clinical characteristics and exposures, identify unreported cases, and prevent additional illnesses. Forty-two cases were identified (had paresthesia onset within 5 h of consuming shellfish), with illness onset dates during May 23–June 6, 2024, leading to 7 hospitalizations and no deaths. Persons with PSP reported exposure to mussels (35 [83%]), clams (7 [17%]), and oysters (1 [2%]) harvested from the Oregon Coast. One week after the initial PST detection, marked increases in PST levels were detected in multiple sites and shellfish types, prompting closure of the entire Oregon Coast to mussel harvesting and partial closures for clams and oysters. Leftover mussels were obtained from 3 persons with PSP; all had PST levels above the closure threshold, with one yielding the highest level (5,500 µg/100 g shellfish tissue) ever detected in Oregon shellfish. This was Oregon’s largest recorded PSP outbreak. A rapid increase in PST levels over a short time presented challenges for the timely detection and closure of harvest areas. Rapid PST detection methods to supplement routine shellfish biotoxin monitoring could increase the timeliness of risk detection. Collaboration among public health officials, poison control centers, health care professionals, and shellfish program staff is essential to illness prevention and outbreak response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":"88 10","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of food protection","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25001425","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

In May 2024, the Oregon Poison Center notified the Oregon Health Authority of multiple people with suspected paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) who had consumed self-harvested mussels. Two days before this report, part of the Oregon Coast was closed to mussel harvesting after detection of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) above the closure threshold (≥80 µg PST/100 g shellfish tissue) in mussels at one site. Following these illness reports, the closure was expanded northward to the Oregon-Washington border to include harvest areas reported by ill persons. An outbreak investigation was initiated to describe the clinical characteristics and exposures, identify unreported cases, and prevent additional illnesses. Forty-two cases were identified (had paresthesia onset within 5 h of consuming shellfish), with illness onset dates during May 23–June 6, 2024, leading to 7 hospitalizations and no deaths. Persons with PSP reported exposure to mussels (35 [83%]), clams (7 [17%]), and oysters (1 [2%]) harvested from the Oregon Coast. One week after the initial PST detection, marked increases in PST levels were detected in multiple sites and shellfish types, prompting closure of the entire Oregon Coast to mussel harvesting and partial closures for clams and oysters. Leftover mussels were obtained from 3 persons with PSP; all had PST levels above the closure threshold, with one yielding the highest level (5,500 µg/100 g shellfish tissue) ever detected in Oregon shellfish. This was Oregon’s largest recorded PSP outbreak. A rapid increase in PST levels over a short time presented challenges for the timely detection and closure of harvest areas. Rapid PST detection methods to supplement routine shellfish biotoxin monitoring could increase the timeliness of risk detection. Collaboration among public health officials, poison control centers, health care professionals, and shellfish program staff is essential to illness prevention and outbreak response.

查看原文本刊更多论文

麻痹性贝类中毒爆发-俄勒冈州，美国，2024年。

2024年5月，俄勒冈毒物中心通知俄勒冈卫生局，有多名疑似麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）的人食用了自己收获的贻贝。在本报告发布前两天，俄勒冈海岸的部分地区在一个地点的贻贝中检测到麻痹性贝类毒素（PST）超过关闭阈值（≥80µg PST/100 g贝类组织），因此关闭了贻贝捕捞。在这些疾病报告之后，关闭范围向北扩大到俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的边界，包括病人报告的收获地区。开展了疫情调查，以描述临床特征和接触情况，确定未报告的病例，并预防其他疾病。发现42例（食用贝类后5小时内出现感觉异常），发病日期为2024年5月23日至6月6日，7例住院，无死亡。患有PSP的人报告接触了从俄勒冈海岸收获的贻贝（35人[83%]）、蛤蜊（7人[17%]）和牡蛎（1人[2%]）。在最初的PST检测一周后，在多个地点和贝类中检测到PST水平明显增加，促使整个俄勒冈海岸关闭贻贝捕捞，部分关闭蛤蜊和牡蛎捕捞。从3名PSP患者身上采集剩余贻贝；所有样品的PST水平均高于关闭阈值，其中一个样品的PST水平最高（5500µg/100 g贝类组织），是俄勒冈州贝类中检测到的。这是俄勒冈州有记录以来最大的PSP爆发。PST水平在短时间内迅速上升，对及时发现和关闭采收地区提出了挑战。快速PST检测方法补充常规贝类生物毒素监测，可提高风险检测的及时性。公共卫生官员、中毒控制中心、卫生保健专业人员和贝类项目工作人员之间的合作对疾病预防和疫情应对至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Journal of food protection 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

5.00%

发文量

296

审稿时长

2.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Food Protection® (JFP) is an international, monthly scientific journal in the English language published by the International Association for Food Protection (IAFP). JFP publishes research and review articles on all aspects of food protection and safety. Major emphases of JFP are placed on studies dealing with: Tracking, detecting (including traditional, molecular, and real-time), inactivating, and controlling food-related hazards, including microorganisms (including antibiotic resistance), microbial (mycotoxins, seafood toxins) and non-microbial toxins (heavy metals, pesticides, veterinary drug residues, migrants from food packaging, and processing contaminants), allergens and pests (insects, rodents) in human food, pet food and animal feed throughout the food chain; Microbiological food quality and traditional/novel methods to assay microbiological food quality; Prevention of food-related hazards and food spoilage through food preservatives and thermal/non-thermal processes, including process validation; Food fermentations and food-related probiotics; Safe food handling practices during pre-harvest, harvest, post-harvest, distribution and consumption, including food safety education for retailers, foodservice, and consumers; Risk assessments for food-related hazards; Economic impact of food-related hazards, foodborne illness, food loss, food spoilage, and adulterated foods; Food fraud, food authentication, food defense, and foodborne disease outbreak investigations.