Motor Dexterity Deficits in Individuals With First-Episode Psychosis and Their First-Degree Relatives

IF 5 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Pub Date : 2025-05-25 DOI:10.1111/acps.13821

Manuel Sevilla-Ramos, Valentina Ladera, Ricardo García-García, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola

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Abstract

Introduction

Motor dexterity deficits have been observed both before and during first-episode psychosis (FEP), suggesting this may be a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We aimed to compare motor dexterity performance in FEP patients, their first-degree relatives, and controls. We also investigated whether sociodemographic, premorbid, clinical, and cognitive factors contribute to motor dexterity.

Methods

The sample included 133 FEP patients, 244 of their first-degree relatives (146 parents, 98 siblings), and 202 controls. Motor dexterity was assessed using the Grooved Pegboard Test as part of a neuropsychological battery assessing verbal and visual memory, processing speed, working memory, executive function, attention, and theory of mind. Raw scores were converted to Z-scores. Intelligence quotient and global cognitive function were estimated. Group comparisons were made using analysis of covariance with post hoc tests. Age, sex, and years of education were included as covariates. Multiple linear regression models examined associations between motor dexterity and other variables within each group.

Results

There was a significant group difference on the Grooved Pegboard Test (F = 16.25, p < 0.001). FEP patients (M = −1.26) and their parents (M = −1.14) scored lowest, while siblings (M = −0.30) and controls (M = −0.22) scored highest. The FEP group also scored lowest on other cognitive tests (p < 0.001). A positive association between global cognitive function and Grooved Pegboard performance was found in all groups (β = 0.47–0.84, p < 0.001). Group-specific associations with age, sex, education, intelligence, executive function, attention, and processing speed were also observed (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Motor dexterity deficits were observed in FEP patients and their parents, which may reflect underlying genetic liability or result from the disorder itself. The preserved motor dexterity in unaffected siblings challenges a strict endophenotypic interpretation and suggests a potential protective effect. Motor dexterity deficits were associated with broader cognitive impairment, intelligence quotient, attention, processing speed, and executive function.

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首发精神病患者及其一级亲属的运动灵活性缺陷

在首发精神病（FEP）之前和期间都观察到运动灵活性缺陷，这表明这可能是精神分裂症谱系障碍的潜在内表型。我们的目的是比较FEP患者、他们的一级亲属和对照组的运动灵活性表现。我们还调查了社会人口学、发病前、临床和认知因素是否有助于运动灵活性。方法133例FEP患者，其一级亲属244例（父母146例，兄弟姐妹98例），对照组202例。运动灵巧度的评估使用槽钉板测试作为神经心理学电池的一部分，评估语言和视觉记忆，处理速度，工作记忆，执行功能，注意力和心理理论。原始分数被转换成z分数。评估了智商和整体认知功能。采用协方差分析和事后检验进行组间比较。协变量包括年龄、性别和受教育年限。多元线性回归模型检验了每组中运动灵活性和其他变量之间的关系。结果凹槽钉板测试组间差异有统计学意义（F = 16.25, p < 0.001）。FEP患者（M = - 1.26）及其父母（M = - 1.14）得分最低，而兄弟姐妹（M = - 0.30）和对照组（M = - 0.22）得分最高。FEP组在其他认知测试中得分也最低（p < 0.001）。在所有组中，整体认知功能与凹槽钉板成绩呈正相关（β = 0.47-0.84, p < 0.001）。观察到年龄、性别、教育程度、智力、执行功能、注意力和处理速度与群体特异性相关（p < 0.05）。结论FEP患者及其父母存在运动灵巧性缺陷，这可能反映了潜在的遗传倾向或疾病本身的原因。在未受影响的兄弟姐妹中保留的运动灵活性挑战了严格的内表型解释，并提出了潜在的保护作用。运动灵活性缺陷与更广泛的认知障碍、智商、注意力、处理速度和执行功能有关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

11.20

自引率

3.00%

发文量

135

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica acts as an international forum for the dissemination of information advancing the science and practice of psychiatry. In particular we focus on communicating frontline research to clinical psychiatrists and psychiatric researchers. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica has traditionally been and remains a journal focusing predominantly on clinical psychiatry, but translational psychiatry is a topic of growing importance to our readers. Therefore, the journal welcomes submission of manuscripts based on both clinical- and more translational (e.g. preclinical and epidemiological) research. When preparing manuscripts based on translational studies for submission to Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, the authors should place emphasis on the clinical significance of the research question and the findings. Manuscripts based solely on preclinical research (e.g. animal models) are normally not considered for publication in the Journal.