Anoikis and NETosis in colorectal cancer liver metastasis: the relationship and perspectives.

IF 8.3
Ruoyu Zhang, Yunfei Tan, Dedi Jiang, Dewei Kong, Mei Liu, Jianwei Liang, Aiwen Wu, Liming Wang
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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with metastatic spread being the primary reason for fatalities. Anoikis, a form of programmed cell death triggered by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM), and NETosis, a neutrophil cell death mode releasing extracellular traps (NETs), play critical roles in CRC liver metastasis (CRCLM). This review explores the mechanisms of anoikis and NETosis, their interplay, and genetic underpinnings in CRCLM. Anoikis resistance in CRC cells allows survival during metastasis in the initial stage, while NETs promote tumor progression by facilitating immune evasion, ECM remodeling, and angiogenesis. Meanwhile, through bioinformatics analysis and summary, we elaborated on the relationship between anoikis and NETosis as well as the potential interaction mechanisms, exploring the connecting links between them. The crosstalk between these processes is analyzed, highlighting shared signaling pathways (e.g., PI3K/AKT, MAPK, EMT) and potential biomarkers (e.g., MUC13, GLI2, SIRT6, FASN). Therapeutic strategies targeting anoikis and NETosis, including inhibitors of integrins, EGFR, and NET components (e.g., DNase I, CXCR2 antagonists), inhibitors of autophagy (e.g., CQ, HCQ, azithromycin) are discussed. This comprehensive analysis advances understanding of CRCLM pathogenesis and provides novel perspectives for targeted interventions.

结直肠癌肝转移中的异常与NETosis:关系及展望。
结直肠癌(CRC)是癌症相关死亡的主要原因,转移性扩散是死亡的主要原因。Anoikis是一种由细胞脱离细胞外基质(ECM)引发的程序性细胞死亡形式,NETosis是一种释放细胞外陷阱(NETs)的中性粒细胞死亡模式,在结直肠癌肝转移(CRCLM)中发挥关键作用。本文综述了CRCLM中anoikis和NETosis的发病机制、相互作用以及遗传基础。结直肠癌细胞的Anoikis耐药性允许在转移的初始阶段存活,而NETs通过促进免疫逃避、ECM重塑和血管生成来促进肿瘤进展。同时,通过生物信息学的分析和总结,阐述了anoikis与NETosis之间的关系以及可能的相互作用机制,探讨了两者之间的联系。分析了这些过程之间的串扰,突出了共享的信号通路(如PI3K/AKT、MAPK、EMT)和潜在的生物标志物(如MUC13、GLI2、SIRT6、FASN)。讨论了针对anoikis和NETosis的治疗策略,包括整合素、EGFR和NET成分的抑制剂(例如,DNase I、CXCR2拮抗剂)、自噬抑制剂(例如,CQ、HCQ、阿奇霉素)。这一综合分析促进了对CRCLM发病机制的理解,并为有针对性的干预提供了新的视角。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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