Prevalence and correlates of prolonged grief disorder symptom severity in a large sample of Italian adults.

Abstract

Background: Literature has shown that a significant minority of bereaved people are at risk of prolonged grief disorder (PGD). However, studies on its prevalence and correlates within Italian samples remain scarce.

Aims: This study aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of PGD symptom severity among 1603 bereaved Italian adults.

Method: Self-reported data on PGD, suicidal ideation, depression, anxiety and stress were gathered. Descriptive characteristics and bereavement-related information were also collected.

Results: Among participants who lost a close other person at least 12 months prior, the prevalence of probable PGD and severe suicidal ideation was 7.7% (n = 104) and 0.7% (n = 9), respectively. The overall prevalence of severe suicidal ideation in the sample was 4.5%, rising to 18.2% among those with probable PGD. The probable PGD diagnosis showed minimal agreement with reported depression (phi = 0.25), anxiety (phi = 0.19), and stress (phi = 0.26), suggesting potentially limited overlap and supporting their distinctiveness. The severity of PGD symptoms was significantly positively associated with older age and suicidal ideation, and negatively associated with lower educational background and time since loss. PGD severity also varied by kinship, cause of death and place of residence. Specifically, bereaved individuals who lost a grandparent due to natural causes associated with ageing and lived in small- to medium-sized cities reported lower PGD symptom severity relative to others.

Conclusions: These findings contribute to the understanding of PGD symptomatology in bereaved individuals in Italy, although the results may not generalise to the entire Italian population.